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QUESTION 27 Explain how microbes use glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the electron transport chain to catabolize glucose. (5 pts) For full credit, please describe : • the overall actions (no need to list specific steps) in each pathway • outputs of each pathway • how each pathway links with the other pathways. T T T Arial 3 (12pt) • T - E

Answer 1

1. Glycolysis is a common pathway found in all animals, bacteria and eukaryotes. Most common is Embden mayerhoff pathway.
Glycolysis consist of two phases 1st is energy investment pathway in this sugar molecule can be split evenly into two phosphorylated three-carbon molecules called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). The second part of the pathway, called the energy payoff phase, extracts energy by oxidizing G3P to pyruvate, producing four ATP molecules and reducing two molecules of NAD+ to two molecules of NADH.

2. TCA/Krebs cycle in this the pyruvate is decarboxylated completely into CO2. The pathway yield 15 moles of ATP.

3. In the last step of respiration energy in the form of ATP is produced through series of electron transfer reactions within the cytoplasmic membrane that drive the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.
In bacteria it is carried by multiple flavins, cytochromes, non heme iron components and cytochrome oxidases.

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