Question

JUJU Assessments Ouiz 1 Which of the following statements is a compensatory response of the body to circulatory shock? Select one: O 1. Baroreceptor mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system 2. Absorption of fluid into the plasma from the interstitial fluid 3. Retention of fluid by the kidneys 0 0 0 4. Increased heart rate and cardiac contraction force 5. All of the above are correct 0 ote - 9 D ^ C G ENG 10:3 24/03

Answer 1

Circulatory shock is a type of medical condition which arises, when there is an imbalance between tissue oxygen supply and tissue oxygen demand. Tissue Hypoperfusion (reduced amount of blood flow) is observed as a result of circulatory shock. Lactic Acidosis is also observed.

There are four stages of shock-Initial, Compensatory, Progressive,Refractory.

At the Initial stage of shock, Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) is observed.when there is a deficiency of oxygen in body,Lactic acid fermentation takes place. Because of decreased oxygen level,electron transport chain is hampered.As a result Pyruvate can not enter Krebs Cycle.Accumulated Pyruvate molecules are then converted to Lactic Acid by Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme.Lactic acidosis occurs in the body.

As a result of acidosis,level of carbon-di oxide increases in the body.Body eants to get rid f excess carbon di oxide by hyperventillating and in turn reverses the damage caused by hypoperfusion. Carbon-di oxide increases the acidity level of blood.Human body,at the compensatory stage of circulatory shock tries to increase the pH level of blood in order to get rid of Carbon di oxide.

Barroreceptors are present in arteries which helps to detect Hypotension. When barroreceptor detects hypotension in body,it activates sympathetic nervous system. Norepinephrine and Epinephrine is released.Norepinephrine causes Vasoconstriction and Epinephrine causes increase in cardiac output.Together this hormone increases cardiac output .In the above mentioned question option 1 and option 4 are compensatory mechanism of body to circulatoty shock.

Renin Angiotensin is activated.ADH hormones are also activated.this causes fluid retention in kidneys.this hormones are also responsible for increasing vasoconstriction (increase in Blood Pressure) in kidney, gastrointestinal tract .So,option 3 mentioned in the above question is also a compensatory mechanism to circulatory shock.

to help maintain the blood pressure capillary hydrostatic pressure is decresed.Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure is a compensatory mechanism which leads to increase absorption of fluid into the plasma from interstitial fluid of the body.

So, it can be said that body produces all four above mentioned compensatory mechanism to reverse the damage caused by lactic acidosis and to stabilise the blood pressure and recover from shock.Hence,the option 5 is correct.