(1)Compare the respective effect of HCl, on protein digestion by pepsin, and on starch digestion by...
(1)Compare the respective effect of HCl, on protein digestion by
pepsin, and on starch
digestion by amylase. Explain the physiological significance of
these effects in the human
digestive system.
(2)Explain how the digestion of fat can cause a drop in pH and
describe the functions of bile
salt.
Homework Answers
Ans 1. HCl is major part of gastric juice secreted in lumen of stomach. Parietal/ Oxyntic cell in wall of stomach produce HCl.
HCl affects digestion in stomach in following ways:
1. HCl is strong acid and it keep pH of stomach around 1.5 to 3.5. At this acidic condition proteins are denatured and their peptide bonds are exposed for subsequent action of pepsin/ proteases.
2. HCl convert inactive proenzyme pepsinogen into active pepsinogen and inactive prorennin into active rennin in infants.
3. Pepsin hydrolyse proteins into peptide/ peptones in acidic medium provided by HCl.
4. But HCl inactivate the salivary amylase enzyme coming with food and hence stop the digestion of starch carbohydrates by salivary amylase in stomach.
5. Since stomach also produce gastric amylase and gastric lipase. Both these enzymes works in acidic medium and hence small amount of digestion of starch is carried out by gastric amylase in stomach and gastric lipase digest lipid in stomach in presence of HCl.
6. HCl also dissolve the hard substances present in food.
7. HCl kills the pathogens / microorganisms present with food.
Hence HCl helps in digestion of protein by pepsin in stomach but stop the digestion of starch by salivary amylase. Note: Small amount of starch is digested in stomach by gastric amylase.
Other physiological effects of HCl that excess amount of HCl in stomach cause avidity/ acid indigestion and heartburn. It also cause wounds in stomach wall if mucous layer damaged.
Note: Please submit second question separately.
Add Answer to:
(1)Compare the respective effect of HCl, on protein digestion by
pepsin, and on starch
digestion by...
Explain how the digestion of fat can cause a drop in pH and describe the functions...
Explain how the digestion of fat can cause a drop in pH and describe the functions of bile salt
26) The endocrine gland that produces epinephrine is the A) ovary. B) adrenal medulla. C) adrenal...
26) The endocrine gland that produces epinephrine is the A) ovary. B) adrenal medulla. C) adrenal cortex D) testis. 27) The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially dae to the actions of A) epinephrine. B) glucagon C) thyroxine. D) oxytocin. 28) Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the A) anterior pituitary gland. B) pancreas. C) adrenal gland. D) posterior pituitary gland 29) The hypothalamus...
Each day, the pancreas produces up to 1.5 L of pancreatic juices that enter the duodenum...
Each day, the pancreas produces up to 1.5 L of pancreatic juices that enter the duodenum via the pancreatic duct. The pancreatic juices consist of water, salts, bicarbonate ions, and digestive enzymes. Bicarbonate ion raises the pH of the acidic chyme from the stomach, stopping the active ity of pepsin and allowing the pancreatic and intestinal enzymes to function. The various pancre. atic enzymes and their substrates are listed in Table 10.2. Table 10.2 Various enzymes produced by the pancreas...
Can someone answer these questions please!? Need help!!!! 1. Compare the optimum pH results obtained ...
Can someone answer these questions please!? Need help!!!! 1. Compare the optimum pH results obtained for amylase and pepsin with those predicted in the Pre-Laboratory Assignment. Discuss any possible discrepancies between the predicted and experimental results. 2. What was the purpose of including control samples containing only substrate and buffer (test tubes 1−4 for each enzyme) in this study? Did any of these mixtures show any reaction? 3. Protein digestion involves the hydrolysis of peptide linkages and ...
Question 15 (20 points) Part A Amylase Pepsin Lipase pH Bile salts Experiment 1 Experiment 2...
Question 15 (20 points) Part A Amylase Pepsin Lipase pH Bile salts Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4 Part B LDL- T-score cholesterol (mmol/L) HDL- cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.2 Fasting Fasting plasma plasma glucose insulin (mmol/L) (pmol/L) James 8.5 348 Tamara 4.8 98 Carmen 9.1 | Katalin 5.3 152 Normal plasma glucose: 3.5-6.0 mmol/L Normal fasting plasma insulin: 90-174 pmol/L Normal LDL-cholesterol: 3.5 mmol/L Normal HDL cholesterol 10mmol/l formal 3.3 2.7 3.0 4.2 12 -0.4 | Carmen 9.1 2...
9 Interpret your results: a In which tube(s) did protein digestion occur? How do you know?...
9 Interpret your results: a In which tube(s) did protein digestion occur? How do you know? b In which tube(s) did no protein digestion occur? How do you know? c What effect does pH have on protein digestion with pepsin? Why? d What other effects does acid have in the stomach? Procedure 3 Demonstrate Lipid Emulsification Let's examine what happens during the process of emulsification. In this exercise you will use four substances to observe emulsification in action: 1 Lipids:...
Enzymes Temperature is an important factor that can regulate enzyme-mediated functions. Temperature is one of the...
Enzymes Temperature is an important factor that can regulate enzyme-mediated functions. Temperature is one of the tightly homeostatically controlled variables in the human body. What are the symptoms of loss of temperature control during a high fever? Explain why these symptoms occur based on enzyme function and cell signaling effects that are dependent on temperature. Based on Figure 1, explain how the temperature optimum of the activity of enzymes is expected to differ in organisms depending on where they live....
1. Which of the following is not considered a nutrient a Vitamin B. Water c.Carbohydrate (d)...
1. Which of the following is not considered a nutrient a Vitamin B. Water c.Carbohydrate (d) Alcohol e Mineral 2. For which of the following causes of death does a person's diet play a part? a. Lung disease (6) Cancer Chronic lower respiratory diseases d. Infections of the blood e AIDS 3. Researchers repeatedly report that people who consume a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains have reduced risks of which of the following...
Matching Review the n ames listed in Column A. I Column B, identify whether each substance...
Matching Review the n ames listed in Column A. I Column B, identify whether each substance is a water soluble vitamin (WS). ful.Ne vitamin (FSV), major mineral (MM), or trace mineral (TM). Then, match each dewrition in Column to the appropriate rubatane in Column A wing the Month pares of the beginning of each exemple te ler your an The first item has been completed for you are guide Column A Column B Column C 1. Sulfur A. This substance...
A Case of Respiratory Distress Pre-Case Questions 1. In your own words, describe Le Chatelier's principle....
A Case of Respiratory Distress Pre-Case Questions 1. In your own words, describe Le Chatelier's principle. 2. What is PH? How do pH values change with increasing or decreasing H' content? Case A 68 year old woman, with no history of smoking presents to the ER for evaluation of dyspnea of greater than 1 hour in duration. Dyspnea or "air hunger" is considered normal when associated with heavy exertion; however this patient assured hospital staff she hasn't done anything which...
26) The endocrine gland that produces epinephrine is the A) ovary. B) adrenal medulla. C) adrenal cortex D) testis. 27) The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially dae to the actions of A) epinephrine. B) glucagon C) thyroxine. D) oxytocin. 28) Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the A) anterior pituitary gland. B) pancreas. C) adrenal gland. D) posterior pituitary gland 29) The hypothalamus...
Each day, the pancreas produces up to 1.5 L of pancreatic juices that enter the duodenum via the pancreatic duct. The pancreatic juices consist of water, salts, bicarbonate ions, and digestive enzymes. Bicarbonate ion raises the pH of the acidic chyme from the stomach, stopping the active ity of pepsin and allowing the pancreatic and intestinal enzymes to function. The various pancre. atic enzymes and their substrates are listed in Table 10.2. Table 10.2 Various enzymes produced by the pancreas...
Question 15 (20 points) Part A Amylase Pepsin Lipase pH Bile salts Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4 Part B LDL- T-score cholesterol (mmol/L) HDL- cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.2 Fasting Fasting plasma plasma glucose insulin (mmol/L) (pmol/L) James 8.5 348 Tamara 4.8 98 Carmen 9.1 | Katalin 5.3 152 Normal plasma glucose: 3.5-6.0 mmol/L Normal fasting plasma insulin: 90-174 pmol/L Normal LDL-cholesterol: 3.5 mmol/L Normal HDL cholesterol 10mmol/l formal 3.3 2.7 3.0 4.2 12 -0.4 | Carmen 9.1 2...
9 Interpret your results: a In which tube(s) did protein digestion occur? How do you know? b In which tube(s) did no protein digestion occur? How do you know? c What effect does pH have on protein digestion with pepsin? Why? d What other effects does acid have in the stomach? Procedure 3 Demonstrate Lipid Emulsification Let's examine what happens during the process of emulsification. In this exercise you will use four substances to observe emulsification in action: 1 Lipids:...
Enzymes Temperature is an important factor that can regulate enzyme-mediated functions. Temperature is one of the tightly homeostatically controlled variables in the human body. What are the symptoms of loss of temperature control during a high fever? Explain why these symptoms occur based on enzyme function and cell signaling effects that are dependent on temperature. Based on Figure 1, explain how the temperature optimum of the activity of enzymes is expected to differ in organisms depending on where they live....
1. Which of the following is not considered a nutrient a Vitamin B. Water c.Carbohydrate (d) Alcohol e Mineral 2. For which of the following causes of death does a person's diet play a part? a. Lung disease (6) Cancer Chronic lower respiratory diseases d. Infections of the blood e AIDS 3. Researchers repeatedly report that people who consume a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains have reduced risks of which of the following...
Matching Review the n ames listed in Column A. I Column B, identify whether each substance is a water soluble vitamin (WS). ful.Ne vitamin (FSV), major mineral (MM), or trace mineral (TM). Then, match each dewrition in Column to the appropriate rubatane in Column A wing the Month pares of the beginning of each exemple te ler your an The first item has been completed for you are guide Column A Column B Column C 1. Sulfur A. This substance...
A Case of Respiratory Distress Pre-Case Questions 1. In your own words, describe Le Chatelier's principle. 2. What is PH? How do pH values change with increasing or decreasing H' content? Case A 68 year old woman, with no history of smoking presents to the ER for evaluation of dyspnea of greater than 1 hour in duration. Dyspnea or "air hunger" is considered normal when associated with heavy exertion; however this patient assured hospital staff she hasn't done anything which...
Most questions answered within 3 hours.
-
The activation energy for a given reaction is 50.3 kJ/mol. If
the rate constant for the...
asked 37 minutes ago -
An entomologist discovers a dung beetle rolling a ball of dung
along the ground, and decides...
asked 2 hours ago -
Humans have used horses for transportation for millions of
years. Therefore, they will use horses for...
asked 4 hours ago -
The following are the Jensen Corporation's unit costs of making
and selling an item at a...
asked 4 hours ago -
Does direct Medicare reimbursement of Advanced practice nurses
increase access to their services?
asked 5 hours ago -
List and explain why a company would choose to use a
published
compensation survey vs. creating...
asked 5 hours ago -
A discrete random variable X can take values from 1 to 10. Find
the variance of...
asked 6 hours ago -
The primary financial goal of a corporation is to maximize:
shareholders wealth.
earnings per share.
stock...
asked 6 hours ago -
determine whether the vectors u=(1,2,3,), v=(-2,1,0) and
w=(1,0,1) are linearly dependent or independent.
asked 6 hours ago -
python
Define a function called print_values which takes a dictionary
object as a parameter. The function...
asked 7 hours ago -
In Chapter 1 you created a program named Triangle in
which you displayed a seven-line triangle...
asked 7 hours ago -
Research question: What are the differences between separately
stated and non separately stated transactions in an...
asked 7 hours ago