Question

69. THE ENDOSPORE itself is might to stain_?_ color in an ACID FAST stain. (a) HOT pink (c) purple (d) green (e) baby-blue

70. All STAINS begin with a properly prepared _?_ . (a) dye (b) slide (c) smear (d) dog (e) cat

71. Which of the following is an ENDOTOXIN found in some microbes? This is results in fever, blood vessel dilation and possibly SHOCK when it is released into the human blood stream? (a) the plasma membrane

(b) the periplasmic space (c) teichoic acids (d) lipid A (e) gram positive cell walls

72. WATER is used in most staining to... (a) dilute the dye to proper proportions (b) remove excess (c) dilute the smear (d) remove all the primary dye (e) none of these

73. Officially, ACID FAST vegetative cells stain _?_ on the Gram stain. (a) positive (b) negative (c) Gram variable on the positive side (d) none of these is correct

74. Endospores are always.. (a) small & roundish or oval (b)egg-shaped (c) rod shaped (d) often appear "clear&smaller than the vegetative cels that "made" them (e) all of these could be correct except letter

75. THE ENDOSPORE itself is supposed to/should... stain a_?_ color in an Endospore POSITIVE STAIN. (a) HOT pink (b) pink (c) purple (d) green (e) baby-blue

76. A staining procedure that allows the differentiation of the genus Nocardia is the_? stain. (a) Negative (b) Acid Fast (c) Gram (d) Endospore (e) Flagella

77. THE MAJOR stain in MICROBIOLOGY is known as the_? stain. (a) Negative (b) Acid Fast (c)Gram (d) Endospore (e) Flagella

78. TEICHOIC ACIDS are found: (a) in Gram positive microbes (b) in Acid Fast microbes (c) as a part of cell wall (d) on the cell wall as parasitic attachment sites (e) all of these are true except answer "b"

79. The Gram negative bacteria have _?_ cell membrane(s). (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d)3 (e) 5

80. Which of the part of some microbes is responsible for causing fever, blood vessel dilation and possibly SHOCK? (a) the plasma membrane (b) the periplasmic space (c) teichoic acids (d) lipid A (e) gram positive cell walls

81. What do Endospore positive microbes stain on the Gram stain? (a) purple (b) blue (c) "hot" pink (d)pink (e) green

82. What do Endospore positive microbes stain on the Acid Fast stain? (a) purple (b) blue (c) "hot" pink (d)pink (e) green

83. Which of the following is NOT true concernina ENDOSPORES? (a) inactive metabolically (b)Chemically resistant (c) heat and radiation resistant (d) a survival structure (e) helpful reproduction

84. The GRAM stain has two pigmented dyes and a total of four solutions. What is the secondary dye called? (a) crystal Violet (b) Safranin (c) Acetone Ethanol (d) Gram's lodine Solution (e) none of these is correct

85. Cells from the MYCOBACTERIUM GENUS usually stain a __?__ color on the Gram Stain. (a) “hot” pink (b) pinkish (c) purple (d) green (e) baby-blue

86. Gram POSITIVE cells stain _?_ in color. (a) "hot" pink (b) pinkish red (c) purple (d) green (e) baby-blue

87. Non-acid Fast cells stain _?_ in color. (a) "hot pink" (b) pinkish red (c) purple (d) green (e) baby-blue

88. Acid Fast cells stain_?_ in color. (a) fuchsia (b) pink (c) purple (d) green (e) baby-blue

89. ENDOSPORE negative cells stain ? in color. (a) fuchsia (b) pink (c) purple (d) green (e) baby-blue

90. What do Gram negative microbes stain on the Acid Fast stain? (a) purple (b) blue (c) "hot" pink (d) pink (e)green

91. The PRIMARY dye in the Gram stain is known as: (a) methylene blue (b) iodine solution (c) safranin

(d) ethanol (e) crystal violet

92. You have made a stained prep. You are beginning to view the slide. You place the slide on the stage in the "cut-out"' with oil and turn on the light. You move the slide "circle" over the hole in the stage. You rotate the nosepiece ring from the 4x to the 10x objective and set the eyepiece width correctly. You bring the stage all the way up. You look through the eyepiece but the field is yellow and dark. What is the MOST common error in focusing the microscope? (a) your light power is low (b) your condenser is down (c) your diaphragm is closed (d) your objective is not "clicked' into place (e) none of these is incorrect

93. What do Acid Fast microbes stain on the Gram stain? (a) purple (b) blue (c) "hot" pink (d) pink (e)green

94. Which of the following is NOT part of the Condenser apparatus? (a) filter (b) condenser lens (c) iris (d)light source (e) none of these is incorrect

95. When a properly stained, properly focused slide of bacteria appears to "flow like a river" under the 100X objective, what is your most likely error? (a) a failure to heat fix properly (b) over washing (c) using too much or too little immersion oil (e) using too much alcohol or letting it stay on the smear prep too long

96. When should you apply immersion oil to the smear? (a) after blotting (b) after focusing under 10x (c) just before rotating the 100x objective into place (d)directly after heat fixing (e)none of these is exactly correct

97. The reason we use type A oil immersion oil is because this oil and the glass in our scopes and slides have the same index of_?_ (a) reflection (b) refraction (c) resolution (d) diffraction (e)luminescence

98. The _?_ controls the amount of light that passes directly through our specimen and into the objective lens. (a) nosepiece (b) ocular (c) condenser lens (d) iris diaphragm (e) arm

99. Which of the following is a part of the eyepiece? (a) micrometer (b) pointer (c) eye-width adjustment on binocular scopes (d) 10Ox power (e) none of these is incorrect

.

100. Flare is: (a) the widest frequency of light that can enter an objective (b) the bending of light as it passes through different substances (c) wavelength/2NA (d) when the beam of light "spreads" wider than the objective's "hole" (e) wavelengths of light too short to enter the objective

101. Coccobacillus shaped bacteria are considered to be_?_ (a) cocci (b) bacilli (c) diplobacilli (d) diplococci (e)answers a and b only

102. This microscope is used for cheap and quick "'diagnosis" of many infectious microbes. (a) UV (b) White light compound (c)phase contrast (d)Election (e)Confocal

103. The COUNTER STAIN in the Endospore stain is known as: (a) methylene blue (b)iodine solution safranin (d) ethanol (e) crystal violet

104. Which of the following is the smallest unit of measure used by the Journal of the American Society or Microbiology? (a) nanometer (b) centimeter (c) micrometer (d) micron (e) Angstrom

105. Which microscopic measurement is considered THE STANDARD for bacteriology? (a) nanometer (b)centimeter (c) micrometer (d) micron (e)Angstrom

106. Why don't we use a regular orange-yellow incandescent light bulb as the light source of light microscopes? (a) yellow light reduces the refractive index (b) yellow light decreases diffraction (c) longer wavelengths decrease resolution (d) shorter wavelengths light are important to use as they increase resolution (e)answers c and d only

107. What does an ocular micrometer do on a light microscope? (a) allows a "guestimate of objects being observed (b) focuses light from the source onto the specimen (c) reduces the refractive index (d) reduces the numerical aperture of the objective lens (e) allows the wavelength of light to be selected

108. Which of the following would be the "Tint" of white light best used for viewing microbes? (a) red light (b) yellow light (c) "black" light (d) green light (e) ultra-violet rays

109. The longer the VWAVELENGTH the less the_?. (a) reflection (b) refraction (c) resolution (d)diffraction (e) luminescence

110. Which objective is used for storage? (a) 4X (b) 10x (c) 40x (d) 100x (e) none of these is correct

111. How do you store the microscope with respect to the condenser? (a) up (b) down (c) scanning

clicked into place (d) open (e) closed

112. What is the MOST IMPORTANT consideration when properly storing OUR microscopes? (a)remove stains & oil from the stage (b) turn the light down and the switch off (c) bring the condenser into position for storage (d) remove oil with lens paper (from the oil immersion lens) & High Dry (e)bring the stage to the proper position and wrap the cord

113. Where do you place your eyes when looking through our microscopes? (a) against the eyepieces (b) 10 cm back from the eyepiece (c) 2 -2.5 cm back from the ocular (d) 1 m back from the ocular (e) none of these is correct

114. How many lines of information should you put on a procedure card? (a) 5 (b) as many as necessary (c) 10 or less (d) I don't write it, I only "cut and paste" (e) as much accurate information as I can find

115. The correct order of the Acid Fast dyes is/are: (a) methylene blue; safranin (b) crystal violet; safranin (c) malachite green; safranin (d) carbolfuchsin; methylene blue (e) none of these is correct

116. Staining of bacteria for microscopy is necessary because: (a) microbes are naturally clear (b) microbes are killed by dyes (c) microbes don't flow under the light when they are stained (d) stains are pretty (e) none of these is correct

117. Stereoisomers (D &L forms) differ from each other in: (a) their atomic elements (b) the "side that functional groups are hung on the carbon backbone (c) the site of absorption (d) the enzymes that can "work” on them (e)answers b & d

118. According to our lectures, fimbrae are... (a) hollow protein tubes (b) used for adherence (c) used to get oxygen (d) sometimes "dangerous" (e) none of these is incorrect

119. Which of the following is NOTa part of a prokaryotic cell? (a) DNA (b) plasma membrane (c) 80s ribosome (d) cell wall (e) RNA

120. ENDOSPORES themselves may stain (color?)_?_ using the ACID FAST STAIN. (a) red/pink (b) blue (c) fuchsia red or hot pink (d) green (e) light against a dark background

121. The vegetative cell stains_?using the ENDoSPORE stain. (a) pink (b) purple/blue (c) fuchsia red (d) green (e) light against a dark background

122. If the focal plane remains approximately the same when you change objectives the microscope is said to be_?_(a) binocular (b) compound (c) in phase (d) parafocal (e) a "guestimate" not an estimate of the size of the microbe being observed

123. You have made a stained prep. You are beginning to view the slide. You place the slide on the stage in the "cut-out" with oil and turn on the light. You move the slide "circle" over the hole in the stage. You rotate the ring around and move to the 10x objective and set the eyepiece width correctly. You bring the stage all the way up. You look through the eyepiece but the field is yellow and dark. Which of the following could be wrong? (a) your light power is low (b) your condenser is down (c) your diaphragm is closed (d) your objective is not "clicked" into place (e) none of these is incorrect

124. SMEARS are safe to handle because they function to... (a) attach the microbes to the slide (b) kil the microbe (c) cause solutions to attach to the microbes so that they are visible and improve contrast (d) answers "a" & "b" only (e) none of these is incorrect

125. You hurry to finish your smear and stain. You blot it dry and place it on the stage in the cut-out. You can see your stained prep on 10x but it is "blurry & unclear" at 100x. All of the following are likely reasons why you see a blurry view at 100x but which of the following is the mostly likely reason that you cannot see a clear view of the microbe at 100x? (a) you forgot to put the oil on the circle (b) you over-washed the slide (c) you didn't heat fix properly (d) your slide is not place on the stage (e) you "flipped" the slide and are trying to focus on the wrong side

126. When you focus your Gram stain under 100x you see nice large purple rods with 80% pink ovals and other pink shapes. What is the most likely reason that a pure culture has more than one shape? (a) contamination because students that do not heat the entire loop (b) the microbe is Bacillus that is 52

hrs old (c) the slant is a 12 hr Clostridium (d) MYCOBACTERIA again! (e) none of these you "burned" the smear in heat fixing

127. You can see your stained prep on 10x but it is "blurry" and flowing like a "river" at 100x. All of the following are likely reasons why you see a blurry view at 100x but which of the following is the mostly likely reason that you cannot see your microbe correctly at 100x? (a) you forgot to put the oil on the circle (b) you over-washed the slide (c) you didn't heat fix properly (d) your slide is not place on the stage properly and is above or below the "cut-out" (e) you "flipped" the slide and are trying to focus on the wrong side

128. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT concerning RESOLUTION: (a) requires that light pass between two objects (b) refers to the ability to distinguish two objects that are close together (o) is higher with light of longer wavelength (d) decreases as wavelength gets nearer "red" (e) is greater using electrons when compared to visible light

129. Your microscope has a Type B eyepiece, Tvpe B 4x obiective, Type A 10x low power lens, Type A 40x High dry, Type B 100x lens, Type B condenser lens and liaht bulb and Type A and Type B slides. When Viewing E. coli you should use ? immersion oil. (a) Tvpe B on Type B slides and the 4x for focusing (b)Type A on Type A slides & Type A 100x (c) Type C (d) Type D (e) none of these is correct

130. The _? _ Controls the amount of light that passes directly through our specimen and into the objective jens. (a) nosepiece (b) ocular (c) condenser apparatus (d) Flare (e) iris

131. Phase contrast scopes have special ? which exaggerates light bouncing off a microbe. (a) nosepiece (b) ocular (c) condenser (d) iris diaphragm (e) objective and condenser

132. How do you "clean-up" a spill of Malachite green or Carbolfuchsin dye or remove if from your scope? (a) alcohol and a paper towel (b) water and lots of paper towels (c) it cannot be cleaned well by these methods (d) acetone alcohol and a paper towel works best (e) none of these is incorrect

133. Which of the following is NOT a part of the condenser? (a) eye iris (b) condenser lens (C) light source (d) filter (e) none of these is incorrect

134. DIFFRACTION is when... (a) wavelengths of light (whose peaks are farther apart than the objectives NA) are forced through the objective (b) light from the condenser spreads beyond the width of the NA (c) light is bent from the light source to the eyepiece (d) the wrong wavelength is used for illumination

135. REFRACTION is when... (a) wavelengths of light (whose peaks are farther apart than the objectives NA) are forced through the objective (b) light is bent from the light source to the eyepiece (c) light from the condenser spreads beyond the width of the opening in the lens (d) the wrong wavelength is used for illumination

136. Which of the following scopes present a living 3D or near a 3D appearance of the specimen being observed? (a) Confocal (b) Interference (c) Scanning Electron (d) Atomic Force (e) none of these is

incorrect

137. You were taught to focus your properly prepared slide by using the_?_and moving the stage_? (a) 4x, all the way up (b) 10x, all the way up (c) 40x, all the way up (d) 100x, all the way up and use only the Fine Focus knob (e) none of these is correct

138. Who should be the "father" of Microbiology because of his huge and significant contributions bacteriology? (a) Salk (b) Koch (c) Lister- we name Listerine after him (d) Pasteur (e) none of these is

Correct

139. The Germ Theory of Contamination and Disease was first states and proven by: (a) Salk (b) Koch (c) Lister- we name Listerine after him (d) Pasteur (e) none of these is correct

140. Who disproved the Theory of Spontaneous Generation? (a) Salk (b) Koch (c) Lister - we name Listerine after him (d) Pasteur (e) none of these is correct

141. Who discovered the causative agent of TB/Consumption? (a) Salk (b) Koch (c) Lister - we name Listerine after him (d) Pasteur (e) none of these is correct

142. Where do you dispose of microbe contaminated glass Petri Dishes? (a) the plastic bin on the second shelf of the discard table (b) in the large slanted baskets (c) in the small slanted baskets (d) in the ORANGE RED Biohazard bag

143. Where do you dispose of microbe contaminated plastic dishes? (a)the plastic bin on the second shelf of the discarded table (b) in the large slanted baskets (c) in the small slanted baskets (d)in the ORANGE -RED Biohazard bag

144. Where do you dispose of microbe contaminated small test tubes? (a)the plastic bin on the second shelf of the discarded table (b) in the large slanted baskets (c) in the small slanted baskets (d)in the ORANGE -RED Biohazard bag

145. Where do you dispose of microbe contaminated wooden or paper items? (a)the plastic bin on the second shelf of the discarded table (b) in the large slanted baskets (c) in the small slanted baskets (d)in the ORANGE -RED Biohazard bag

146. Green ovals and with various associated pink shapes are read as _?_ on the Endospore stain. (a) positive (b) negative (c) inconclusive (d) none of these is correct

147. “HOT” pink small rods that have no baby-blue associated rods of the same size are _ ?_on the Acid Fast stain. (a) a positive (b) a negative (c) re-do; "cooked" too hot (d) Acid Fast (e) answers "a and c oniy

148. The aerobic endospore forming Genus is called ?. (a) Mycobacteria (b) Clostridium (c) Bacillus (d) Nocardia (e) Escherichia

149. The MORDANT is... (a) a decolorizer of the primary stain (b) a cross-linker the CV molecules (c) something that attaches to the LIPIDS near the cell wall (d) a large molecule (e) none of these is correct

150. Which of the following stains is positive when the PRIMARY STAIN attaches itself to cholesterol-like compounds under steaming? (a) negative (b) acid fast (c) gram (d) endospores (e) flagella

Answer 1

69. (d) green

70. (c) smear

71. (d) lipid A

72. (a) dilute the dye to proper proportions