Question

34. Side A of a Beaker contains 500 mOsmols/liter. Side B of the beaker contains 100 m/Osmols/liter. A membrane permeable only to water is placed between Side A and B. Describe what will happen. a. Water will move by osmosis from side A to B b. Water will move by osmosis from side B to A c. Water will move from the hypertonic side to the hypotonic side d. Solute will move from side A to side B 35. The sodium-potassium pump is a primary influence of Resting Membrane Potential voltage. a. True b. False 36. Which of the following is a both a ligand receptor and an non-specific gated Na+ and K+ channel. a. Beta receptor on the cardiac pacemaker b. Alpha receptor on smooth muscle c. Nicotinic receptor on skeletal muscle 37. What type of ligands use signal transduction to bring information into the cell? a. Polar-ligands b. Non-polar ligands c. lons 38. What type IV solution would be most appropriate for increasing the intracellular fluid compartment. a. Iso-osmotic solutions b. Hyperosmotic solutions c. Hypo-osmotic solutions 39. Cell to cell communication is accomplished by which of the following? a. Gap junctions b. Neurotransmitters c. Hormones d. All of the above

Answer 1

34. The answer is from B to A . Osmosis is the process of movement of water from a higher water potential to a lower potential.is called osmosis. .The solvent moves against higher solute concentration . The solute concentration will be higher in hypertonic solution than hypotonic hence the water moves from higher water concentration to lower. Hypertonic has low water concentration than hypotonic .

35. The answer is false. Sodium potassium pump is primarily involved in action potential generation . It is a process which require ATP. Hence it is also called Na+/k+ ATPase.

36.The answer is nicotinic receptors of skeltal muscle . It is ligand-gated ion channel receptor. It is a protein channel which on binding to acetocholine will open for initiation of diffusion of ions. This also activates through secondary messenger activation by stimulation with neurotransmitters.

37.Non polar ligands such as steroid horomes eg. Progesterone is used for cell siginal transduction. The transduction is carried out through passive diffusion. The diffusion takes place through plasma membrane.

38. Hypotonic solution can be used to increase intracellular fluid compartment. Because during osmosis the solvent moves from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration. In an hypotonic environment osmosis occur from high water concentrated to lower water concentrated area that is hypertonic environment. Hence fluid will increase in intracellular compartment.

39. Gap junction are joining of cells in tubular like forms.They connects cytoplasm of adjacent cell.

They are widely distributed in cardiac and neural cells. These junctions are capable of transffering ions, water etc.