Homework Answers
Monophyletic
Monophyletic group is the one which includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.
Polyphyletic group is the one which includes descendants of more than one ancestors.
Paraphyletic group is the one which includes an ancestor but not all of its descendants.
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In the cladogram below, whales and hippos are. Camels Pigs Ruminants Whales Hippos Monophyletic Polyphyletic Paraphyletic...
In the cladogram below, hoofed mammals (camels, pigs, ruminants, and hippos) are... Camels Pigs Ruminants Whales...
In the cladogram below, hoofed mammals (camels, pigs, ruminants, and hippos) are... Camels Pigs Ruminants Whales Hippos Monophyletic Polyphyletic Paraphyletic Homologous
Monophyletic Paraphyletic Polyphyletic Polytomy B C D E A B C D E (A B C...
Monophyletic Paraphyletic Polyphyletic Polytomy B C D E A B C D E (A B C D E A B C D E (11) L (44) 17, TE, 19 20,
Phylogeny Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic Sun...
Phylogeny Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic Sun Bear 1. Which animal represents the Basal Taxa? Spectacled Bear Giant Panda Red Panda Raccoon Dog 2. What is the best outgroup to use if you are studying the circled group (Giant Panda, Red Panda, Raccoon, and Dogs)? Tail Ear Structure 3. Who is/are the "sister taxa" for dogs? Snout Structure 4. Which taxon is older - Sun Bears, Spectacled Bears, or Dogs? Cranium...
Phylogeny elom Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic...
Phylogeny elom Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic Brown Bear Sun Bear Spectacled Bear Giant Panda Red Panda Raccoon Dog 1. Which animal represents the Basal Taxa? Fur Tail 2. What is the best outgroup to use if you are studying the circled group (Giant Panda, Red Panda, Raccoon, and Dogs)? avab lo 3. Who is/are the "sister taxa" for dogs? Ear Structure Snout Structure 4. Which taxon is older - Sun...
Phylogeny elom Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic...
Phylogeny elom Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic Brown Bear Sun Bear Spectacled Bear Giant Panda Red Panda Raccoon Dog 1. Which animal represents the Basal Taxa? Fur Tail 2. What is the best outgroup to use if you are studying the circled group (Giant Panda, Red Panda, Raccoon, and Dogs)? avab lo 3. Who is/are the "sister taxa" for dogs? Ear Structure Snout Structure 4. Which taxon is older - Sun...
The cladogram of vertebrata is shown below with shared derived characters Indicated. Lampreys Lungfish Land vertebrates...
The cladogram of vertebrata is shown below with shared derived characters Indicated. Lampreys Lungfish Land vertebrates Tetrapoda Fingers and toes Choanata Choanae Osteichthyes Bony ribs and shoulder girdle Gnathostomata Jaws Wertebrata Vertel 8. Of what monophyletic group is "choanae" a shared derived character? 9. What shared derived character is indicated for Tetrapoda? 10. Name any character on the cladogram that is a shared ancestral character for Tetrapoda. 11. According to the principle of maximum parsimony, we should first investigate the...
Monotremata Marsupialia Assume the mammal cladogram on the right depicts accurate evolutionary relationships. While there is...
Monotremata Marsupialia Assume the mammal cladogram on the right depicts accurate evolutionary relationships. While there is no absolute time on this cladogram, there is relative time running from left to right (right is more recent). Answer the following questions about this tree. Afrosoricida - Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Proboscidea Hyracoidea Sirenia Xenarthra Dermoptera 1. Monotremes (Monotremata) are the only mammals (extinct or extant) that do not give live birth. Based on this information and this tree, what type of group are mammals...
For the four evolutionary processes below, indicate: how they affect allele and genotype frequencies within a...
For the four evolutionary processes below, indicate: how they affect allele and genotype frequencies within a population, whether or not these effects are random, and how they affect differentiation between populations. Number your answers as indicated in the table below to indicate which part of this question you are answering: Process Within-population allele & genotype frequencies Random? Y/N Genetic differences between populations #1 Natural Selection Genetic Drift Mutation #2 #5 #6 #7 #9 #10 #11 #3 Migration between populations #4...
III. Answer the quest a 1. a. Use the lined up homologous DNA base sequences below...
III. Answer the quest a 1. a. Use the lined up homologous DNA base sequences below to determine the mutations required to reconstruct the phylogeny of Taxa R, S & T (see answer sheet). DNA sites 1 2 3 4 a. Label the tree with the appropriate mutations using hash marks, 2 pts. Ancestor AACG b. Why is this the best phylogeny of the 3 taxa? I pt. Taxon R GCTG c. Which two taxa form a monophyletic group? 1...
There are a total of 8 pages. If you click on the first picture, the others...
There are a total of 8 pages. If you click on the first picture,
the others should pop up. Thank you!
ul Bio220 - Diversity of Life HW 2: Phylogenetics First Some Review and Examples... There are several definitions that you will need to be familiar with in order to properly use and understand phylogenetic systematics. - Character: A heritable attribute of an organism. - Plesiomorphy: A primitive or ancestral character. This is a character that was inherited from a...
In the cladogram below, hoofed mammals (camels, pigs, ruminants, and hippos) are... Camels Pigs Ruminants Whales Hippos Monophyletic Polyphyletic Paraphyletic Homologous
Monophyletic Paraphyletic Polyphyletic Polytomy B C D E A B C D E (A B C D E A B C D E (11) L (44) 17, TE, 19 20,
Phylogeny Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic Sun Bear 1. Which animal represents the Basal Taxa? Spectacled Bear Giant Panda Red Panda Raccoon Dog 2. What is the best outgroup to use if you are studying the circled group (Giant Panda, Red Panda, Raccoon, and Dogs)? Tail Ear Structure 3. Who is/are the "sister taxa" for dogs? Snout Structure 4. Which taxon is older - Sun Bears, Spectacled Bears, or Dogs? Cranium...
Phylogeny elom Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic Brown Bear Sun Bear Spectacled Bear Giant Panda Red Panda Raccoon Dog 1. Which animal represents the Basal Taxa? Fur Tail 2. What is the best outgroup to use if you are studying the circled group (Giant Panda, Red Panda, Raccoon, and Dogs)? avab lo 3. Who is/are the "sister taxa" for dogs? Ear Structure Snout Structure 4. Which taxon is older - Sun...
Phylogeny elom Basal taxa Sister taxa Heterochrony Polytomy Parsimony Orthologous Paralogous Monophyletic Ingroup Paraphyletic Outgroup Polyphyletic Brown Bear Sun Bear Spectacled Bear Giant Panda Red Panda Raccoon Dog 1. Which animal represents the Basal Taxa? Fur Tail 2. What is the best outgroup to use if you are studying the circled group (Giant Panda, Red Panda, Raccoon, and Dogs)? avab lo 3. Who is/are the "sister taxa" for dogs? Ear Structure Snout Structure 4. Which taxon is older - Sun...
The cladogram of vertebrata is shown below with shared derived characters Indicated. Lampreys Lungfish Land vertebrates Tetrapoda Fingers and toes Choanata Choanae Osteichthyes Bony ribs and shoulder girdle Gnathostomata Jaws Wertebrata Vertel 8. Of what monophyletic group is "choanae" a shared derived character? 9. What shared derived character is indicated for Tetrapoda? 10. Name any character on the cladogram that is a shared ancestral character for Tetrapoda. 11. According to the principle of maximum parsimony, we should first investigate the...
Monotremata Marsupialia Assume the mammal cladogram on the right depicts accurate evolutionary relationships. While there is no absolute time on this cladogram, there is relative time running from left to right (right is more recent). Answer the following questions about this tree. Afrosoricida - Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Proboscidea Hyracoidea Sirenia Xenarthra Dermoptera 1. Monotremes (Monotremata) are the only mammals (extinct or extant) that do not give live birth. Based on this information and this tree, what type of group are mammals...
For the four evolutionary processes below, indicate: how they affect allele and genotype frequencies within a population, whether or not these effects are random, and how they affect differentiation between populations. Number your answers as indicated in the table below to indicate which part of this question you are answering: Process Within-population allele & genotype frequencies Random? Y/N Genetic differences between populations #1 Natural Selection Genetic Drift Mutation #2 #5 #6 #7 #9 #10 #11 #3 Migration between populations #4...
III. Answer the quest a 1. a. Use the lined up homologous DNA base sequences below to determine the mutations required to reconstruct the phylogeny of Taxa R, S & T (see answer sheet). DNA sites 1 2 3 4 a. Label the tree with the appropriate mutations using hash marks, 2 pts. Ancestor AACG b. Why is this the best phylogeny of the 3 taxa? I pt. Taxon R GCTG c. Which two taxa form a monophyletic group? 1...
There are a total of 8 pages. If you click on the first picture,
the others should pop up. Thank you!
ul Bio220 - Diversity of Life HW 2: Phylogenetics First Some Review and Examples... There are several definitions that you will need to be familiar with in order to properly use and understand phylogenetic systematics. - Character: A heritable attribute of an organism. - Plesiomorphy: A primitive or ancestral character. This is a character that was inherited from a...
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