Metabolic charts show isoleucine entering the TCA cycle as acetyl-CoA. However, isoleucine is considered glucogenic. Explain...
- Metabolic charts show isoleucine entering the TCA cycle as acetyl-CoA. However, isoleucine is considered glucogenic. Explain how this is possible.
Homework Answers
Amino acids that are degraded to acetyl CoA are termed ketogenic amino acids because they can give rise to ketone bodies or fatty acids.
Amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino acids.
However of the 20 amino acids, Isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine are both Ketogenic and Glucogenic. This is because some of their carbon atoms emerge in acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA, whereas others appear in potential precursors of glucose.
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Metabolic charts show isoleucine entering the TCA cycle as
acetyl-CoA. However, isoleucine is considered glucogenic. Explain...
Why is the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA considered irreversible in animals? Why is acetyl-CoA only...
Why is the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA considered irreversible in animals? Why is acetyl-CoA only considered ketogenic and not glucogenic, even though it enters the TCA cycle to form citrate? How do plants make acetyl-CoA glucogenic?
Draw the complete TCA cycle (Krebs or Citric acid cycle). Show the entry of acetyl- COA...
Draw the complete TCA cycle (Krebs or Citric acid cycle). Show the entry of acetyl- COA and the eight intermediates. Draw the chemical structures of each compound. Show the control point(s) in the pathway. Show where all CO2 is released and label the reactions where oxidation of carbon occurs.
Which intermediate is found at the beginning and end of the TCA cycle a. acetyl coa...
Which intermediate is found at the beginning and end of the TCA cycle a. acetyl coa b. NADH c. oxaloacetate d. citrate e. none of the above
What is the chemical reaction that involves oxaloacetate and acetyl-coa in the tca cycle? a. hydration...
What is the chemical reaction that involves oxaloacetate and acetyl-coa in the tca cycle? a. hydration b. oxidation c. reduction d. hydrolysis e. none of the above
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic...
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic pathway choices leading to and from hub molecules. Describe how Citric Acid Cycle serves as a “hub “ pathway.
6. During the oxidation of acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle, which steps involve oxidative decarboxylations?
6. During the oxidation of acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle, which steps involve oxidative decarboxylations?
When acetyl-CoA is fed into the TCA cycle, it eventually forms carbon dioxide. The energy released...
When acetyl-CoA is fed into the TCA cycle, it eventually forms carbon dioxide. The energy released from this oxidation is conserved in the form of (select all that apply): FADH2 Water GTP Protons NADH
The TCA cycle generates all of the following from each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized except three NADH...
The TCA cycle generates all of the following from each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized except three NADH molecules. two ATP or GTP molecules. two CO2 molecules. one FADH2 molecule.
In unit 2 we learned that the TCA cycle (the citric acid cycle) is a sequence of reactions in mitochondria that oxidizes...
In unit 2 we learned that the TCA cycle (the citric acid cycle) is a sequence of reactions in mitochondria that oxidizes the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA to CO2 and reduces coenzymes that are reoxidized through the electron transport chain. What is is another name for this cycle? Also, name at least three enzymes that are involved in the cycle and briefly explain how they work in the cycle.
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic pathway choices leading to and from hub molecules. Describe how C.A.C. s...
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve
different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic
pathway choices leading to and from hub molecules. Describe how
C.A.C. serves as a “hub “pathway. Use picture as a reference.
Pyruvate Glucose Fatty acids sterols pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl-CoA PEP carboxykinase Glutamine Citrate Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Proline Arginine Oxaloacetate PEP carboxylase Citric acid cycle a-Ketoglutarate Malate Glutamate Aspartate Asparagine Serine Glycine Cysteine malic enzyme Purines Succinyl-CoA Phenylalanine Pyrimidines Pyruvate Tyrosine Tryptophan Porphyrins heme Figure 16-16...
Draw the complete TCA cycle (Krebs or Citric acid cycle). Show the entry of acetyl- COA and the eight intermediates. Draw the chemical structures of each compound. Show the control point(s) in the pathway. Show where all CO2 is released and label the reactions where oxidation of carbon occurs.
When acetyl-CoA is fed into the TCA cycle, it eventually forms carbon dioxide. The energy released from this oxidation is conserved in the form of (select all that apply): FADH2 Water GTP Protons NADH
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve
different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic
pathway choices leading to and from hub molecules. Describe how
C.A.C. serves as a “hub “pathway. Use picture as a reference.
Pyruvate Glucose Fatty acids sterols pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl-CoA PEP carboxykinase Glutamine Citrate Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Proline Arginine Oxaloacetate PEP carboxylase Citric acid cycle a-Ketoglutarate Malate Glutamate Aspartate Asparagine Serine Glycine Cysteine malic enzyme Purines Succinyl-CoA Phenylalanine Pyrimidines Pyruvate Tyrosine Tryptophan Porphyrins heme Figure 16-16...
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