Homework Answers
Energy charge is calculated from concentrations of adenine nucleotides ([ATP + 1/2ADP]/[ATP + ADP + AMP]), and is a reflection of metabolic potential available to an organism.
Net energy charge varies between 0.7 to 0.95 and when energy charge increase from 0.6 to 1.0 anabolic pathway that uses ATP is activated and when it is low the AMP can be converted to hypoxanthine and ribose-5P, followed by oxidation of hypoxanthine to uric acid. This helps to maintain energy charge by decreasing the total ATP+ADP+AMP concentration.
|
Physiological process |
0.8 |
0.97 |
|
Glycolysis |
High |
Low |
|
Gluconeogenesis |
Low |
HIgh |
|
Glycogen synthesis |
Low |
High |
|
Glycogenolysis |
High |
Low |
|
TCA cycle |
High |
Low |
|
ETC |
High |
Low |
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3. The major pathways we have discussed in this section of the course focus on glycolysis,...
3. The major pathways we have discussed in this section of the course focus on glycolysis,...
3. The major pathways we have discussed in this section of the course focus on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogenolysis, the TCA cycle and electron transport. For each of these components, described the relative activity of the process as the energy charge changes from 0.8 to 0.97. In your answer simply use the words LOW or HIGH to describe the activity of the pathway or process at the two energy charge levels. Answer each question: (6 points). Physiological Process Glycolysis...
28. Which one of the following statements is true? a) The brain b) Muscle cannot use...
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3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C....
3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C. when there is a deficiency of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen D. for the regeneration of NADH so that hydrolysis of ATP can continue to fuel the glycolysis pathway Explain how gluconeogenesis differs from gtycolysis 21 Gluconeogenesis is simply the reverse of all 10 steps...
Glucose oxidation rapidly adjusts to the dietary intake of carbohydrate. Which of these statements is true...
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1. There's a branching point in cellular respiration involving pyruvate. Pyruvate can undergo lactic acid fermentation...
1. There's a branching point in cellular respiration involving pyruvate. Pyruvate can undergo lactic acid fermentation or enter the mitochondria to enter the citric acid cycle. What determines what happens to pyruvate? A. Energy demands of the cell B. 15% concentrated power of will C. pH of the intracellular fluid D. Presence/absence of oxygen In the fed state, how is glucose used in the body? Select all correct answer choices. A. Used in glycogenesis to create glycogen in skeletal muscles...
During the aerobic metabolism of glucose, glucose is ____________. Reduced to form water Oxidized to form...
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Questions on Metabolic Pathways & Energy balance 81 Match the items. #2 What can be said...
Questions on Metabolic Pathways & Energy balance
81 Match the items. #2 What can be said about the glycolysis pathway? a. Initial breakdown of carbohydrate b. Initial breakdown of fat C. Made by all three energy nutrients d. Removal of nitrogen from an amino acid e. Most ATP is produced a. requires oxygen. b. is the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl COA. C. converts acetyl CoA into pantothenic acid. od results in the formation of pyruvate. 1. Electron Transport Chain...
just the prelab worksheet, no data yet Lab Six: Fermentation Learning Objectives: • Explain the biochemistry...
just the prelab worksheet, no data yet
Lab Six: Fermentation Learning Objectives: • Explain the biochemistry of fermentation, substrates and products, conditions, and purpose for cells • Describe alcoholic fermentation of yeast, naming reactants and products Perform a pre-designed experiment to measure the rate of yeast fermentation of glucose under two different conditions. Propose hypotheses and make predictions based on them. Design and perform a novel experiment to test additional substrates for yeast fermentation using findings of the pre-designed experiment....
Bio 121 I need to make (yeast fermentation) lab report. This is the lab experiment and...
Bio 121
I need to make (yeast fermentation) lab
report.
This is the lab experiment and results:
This is a guide to making the lab report:
General Biology BIO121 Yeast Fermentation Lab Introduction Organisms stay alive by the utilization of energy through metabolism. The energy acquiring pathways in photosynthesis convert radiant energy from the sun into the chemical bond energy of carbohydrates. This photosynthetic process is limited to the producers or autotrophs, which include plants, photosynthetic bacteria and some protists....
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) do and what does it allow...
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) do and what does it allow to happen within the myofiber? (5
points)
2. According to the paper, what is the major disadvantage of
relying on glycolysis during high-intensity exercise? (5
points)
3. Using Figure 1 in the paper, briefly describe the different
sources of ATP production at 50% versus 90% AND explain whether you
believe this depiction of ATP production applies to a Type IIX
myofiber in a human....
3. The major pathways we have discussed in this section of the course focus on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogenolysis, the TCA cycle and electron transport. For each of these components, described the relative activity of the process as the energy charge changes from 0.8 to 0.97. In your answer simply use the words LOW or HIGH to describe the activity of the pathway or process at the two energy charge levels. Answer each question: (6 points). Physiological Process Glycolysis...
28. Which one of the following statements is true? a) The brain b) Muscle cannot use fatty acids as an energy source. c) The brain exports ketone bodies as fuels for other tissues d) Fatty acids cannot be used as an energy source in humans e) as an energy source, but can use ketone bodies enzymes of the Glyoxylate cycle Heart muscle stores fuel as glycogen. 29. An intermediate found in gluconeogenesis and not in glycolysoxaloacetate a) 2-phosphoglycerate b) phosphoenolpyruvate...
3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C. when there is a deficiency of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen D. for the regeneration of NADH so that hydrolysis of ATP can continue to fuel the glycolysis pathway Explain how gluconeogenesis differs from gtycolysis 21 Gluconeogenesis is simply the reverse of all 10 steps...
Glucose oxidation rapidly adjusts to the dietary intake of carbohydrate. Which of these statements is true regarding excess carbohydrate intake? Choose all that apply. Excess carbohydrates slanul the body to store amino acids Excess carbohydrates are stored as glycogen Excess carbohydrates trager the process of gluconeogenesis. Excess carbohydrates can be converted to fat. Match the term with the correct definition Synthesis of glycogen lyropeless Synthesis of fatty acids & triglycerides ketogenic amino acids Amino acids that can be used to...
Questions on Metabolic Pathways & Energy balance
81 Match the items. #2 What can be said about the glycolysis pathway? a. Initial breakdown of carbohydrate b. Initial breakdown of fat C. Made by all three energy nutrients d. Removal of nitrogen from an amino acid e. Most ATP is produced a. requires oxygen. b. is the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl COA. C. converts acetyl CoA into pantothenic acid. od results in the formation of pyruvate. 1. Electron Transport Chain...
just the prelab worksheet, no data yet
Lab Six: Fermentation Learning Objectives: • Explain the biochemistry of fermentation, substrates and products, conditions, and purpose for cells • Describe alcoholic fermentation of yeast, naming reactants and products Perform a pre-designed experiment to measure the rate of yeast fermentation of glucose under two different conditions. Propose hypotheses and make predictions based on them. Design and perform a novel experiment to test additional substrates for yeast fermentation using findings of the pre-designed experiment....
Bio 121
I need to make (yeast fermentation) lab
report.
This is the lab experiment and results:
This is a guide to making the lab report:
General Biology BIO121 Yeast Fermentation Lab Introduction Organisms stay alive by the utilization of energy through metabolism. The energy acquiring pathways in photosynthesis convert radiant energy from the sun into the chemical bond energy of carbohydrates. This photosynthetic process is limited to the producers or autotrophs, which include plants, photosynthetic bacteria and some protists....
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) do and what does it allow to happen within the myofiber? (5
points)
2. According to the paper, what is the major disadvantage of
relying on glycolysis during high-intensity exercise? (5
points)
3. Using Figure 1 in the paper, briefly describe the different
sources of ATP production at 50% versus 90% AND explain whether you
believe this depiction of ATP production applies to a Type IIX
myofiber in a human....
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