Question

In the (area of the brain) neurosecretory cells produce two hormones, _and - These hormones are released into the blood from the - pituitary. The (area of the brain) also produces and hormones which regulate production of six hormones in the pituitary. These six hormones are Insulin Glucagon What cells produce it? What factors stimulate production? Target cells Body's response. Compare steroid and peptide hormones. Check which traits apply to each: Steroid Peptide Found in blood Found in cytoplasm of target cell Binds to receptors in plasma membrane

Answer 1

Ans in the hypothalamic area ,neurosecretory cells produce two hormones vasopressin  and oxytocin . These hormones are released into the blood by neurohypophysis of the pituitary gland.

The hypothalamic area of the brain also produces releasing hormones and inhibitory hormones.

Theses six hormones are

1 growth hormone GH

2 thyroid stimulating hormone. TSH

3 follicle stimulating hormone. FSH

4 leutinizing hormones . LH

5 adreno corticotropic hormone. ACTH.

6 prolaction.

insulin is produced by beta cells in the islets of langerhan in the pancreas ,while alpha cells of islets produce glucagon. The delta cells produce another hormone called somatostatin and gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

Insulin secretion is secreted by stimulation of beta cells due to high blood glucose levlels as insulin fastens the metabolism if carbohydrates and imcreases peripheral utilisation of glucose in the body thus decreasing the blood glucose levels.

Glucagon is is secreted by stimulation of aloha cells by decreased blood glucose lwvwls , glucagon mobilises glycogen from the liver which undergoes breakfown by glycogenolysis to oroduce glucose which is the main form of energy .

Target cells of insulin is liver cells mainly or hepatocytes . It also targets muscle tissue and adipose tissue cells which can uptake Glucose for utilisation.Target cells of glucagon is also liver cells or hepatocytes .

Body's response to insulin is that the the glucise is mobilised from , muscle tissue and adipose tissue . This increases the peripheral utilisation of glucose by cells for energy . Thus reducing glucose levels.

Bodys response to glucagon is that it stimulates hepatocytes to release the stored glycogen and increases the metabolism of glycogen and breaks down it into glucose molecules rekeased into blood stream.

1 Steroid hormones are hirmones produced by the ductless endocrine gland so the hormones are directly released into blood stream.

Peptide hormones are derived from amino acids .

2 steroid receptors are found in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cells ,some have membrane receptors also . While peptide hormines are found in cell membranes .

3 Peptide hormones bind only to receptors present on plasmamembrane .

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