Question

5.) What kind of mutation(s): A fruit fly with the Bar eye mutation: A werewolf: Ade mutant yeast: ATCGCGTAATGC -------> ATCGCGTTATGB: 6.) All missense mutations are point mutations but not all point mutations are missense: True or False 7.) All mutations are bad: True or False 8.) Mutations can be fixed: True or False 9.) Switching a purine for the other purine is a transversion: True or False 10.) Point mutations are usually tolerated by the cells: True or False

Answer 1

5.) The type of mutation(s) is

- A fruit fly with Bar eye mutation is duplication: In this type of mutation multiple copies of gene or part of a chromosome.

- A werewolf is inversion: In this type of mutation segment of chromosome is reversed end to end.

- Ade mutant yeast is deletion: In this type of mutation deletion occurs some part of chromosome or some nucleotides are deleted.

- ATCGCGTAATGC -------> ATCGCGTTATGB is a Transversion: In this type of mutation the purine gets changed to pyrimidine.

6.) True
Explanation:
Missense mutation is change in single nucleotide changes the the codon that ultimately codes for a diffferent amino acid.
And Point mutation is where single nucleotide is changed, deleted or inserted from a DNA sequence.
Types of point mutations are: Silent, Nonsense and Missense.
Missense mutation is one type of point mutation. So the line mentioned is correct.

7.) False
Explanation: Any change in the nucleotide sequence of the organism can lead to change in the protein funtioning and synthesis.
There are two types of mutations in terms of its effects: beneficial and harmful.
Harmful ones causes deleterious effects while the beneficial ones enhances the proteins that ultimately helps the organism to adapt to particular environment.
These are the ones which causes evolution and change the surviving capacity. Simple example is if we put our great great grandparents in current environment they won't be able to survive but we do. Hence this a beneficial change in our body.

8.) True.
Explanation: Mutations can be fixed if there is no protein formation. This means these mutations are made before the protein formation occurs.
Cells have their own way to repair them. If not, they get into a self destruction mode.

9.) False
Explanation: A change from one purine to another purine is called transition. The figure below will support this stance.

Purine Adenine Guanine Transition Transversion Transversion Cytosine Thymine Transition Pyrimidine

10.) True
Explanation: Cell can tolerate at least a few amino acid changes or base pair changes, if there is no effect to the function of the protein or any deleterious effects to the organism.
Point mutations can be called errors which can be rectified. But if the problem does not get solved can cause harmful effects.
For example in sickle cell anemia, the codon coding for GAG (glutamic acid) gets mutated to GUG (Valine) which causes this disorder.