Question

h ell-free synoms produce Golshopecule consisting of a string of urucille RNA free systems produced the polypeptide poly string of phenylalanine amino acids phenylalanine ed entymes to produkce RNA polymers with they leotide. These polymers allowed them to inter to signal "start" and is therefore the art codon. In this case the as a dual function because also encodes the mind methionine (Met). You can see that 61 codons are more than enough to encode 20 amino acids. That leaves lots of extra codos. One way to dem with this abundance would be to use only 20 of the 61 codons, bu han one mucide The Genetic Code TABLE 15.1 SECOND LETTER Third Letter Tyr Tyrosine VU UGC Cys Cysteine Phe Phenylalanine VAC UCC UCA UCG Stop -Stop "Stop Trp Tryptophan Lou Leucine UGG His Histidine CAC CGC Arg Arginine Pro Proline 8 Leu leucine Gin Glutamine CGG Asn Asparagine Ser Serine ADC le isoleucine The Threonine AGA ACA Lys Lysine Arg Arginine AGG Methionine: "Start" ACG AUD Met GGU Asp Aspartate GUU GCU GCC GCA GAC Gly Glycine Ala Alanine Val Valine GAA Glu Glutamate GGA GGG GCG 606 retine. The first letter, molecule. Wayans in the first letter the second letter, Cis in the Second t o the are specified by more than one to form the specified by our ow of the nucles redd sequelce shown. For example, cu codes for codon is recognya corresponding anticodon sequence on d e Chapter 15 Genes and How They Work 295
table for reference for question 4 table

Answer 1

Answer-

According to the given question-

• George Beadle and Edward Tatum in the year of 1940 studied Neurospora,which is a bread mold and generally grows on single organic carbon source such as sugar, inorganic salts,as well as require biotin which is a type of Vitamin B.
• Which means that Neurospora are capable of synthesize the metabolites which they required.so Beadle and Tatum designed a experimental protocol by irradiate the spores of mold followed by screening them for mutations which lack a particular enzyme.
• To isolate the mutant strain the irradiated spores was grown on minimal medium and the mutant was tested their ability to grow in a minimal medium which lack the compounds required for the synthesis by organism.
• Suppose the mutant spore was unable to grow in the minimal medium which lack particular compound but have the capability to grow in medium where the compound is present called supplemented medium then from that they concluded that the cell does not have particular enzyme that are required for synthesizing that particular essential compound.
• And after that they given “one gene–one enzyme” hypothesis. Which means that enzymes are made up of more than one polypeptide chain, and each are coded by gene,so we can say that it is “one gene–one polypeptide.”

gene mutated	Molecule supplemented	Growth or no growth
arg E	Citruline	no growth
arg F	Glutamate	no growth
arg G	Ornithine	no growth
arg G	Citruline	no growth
arg H	Arginine	no growth
arg G	Arginosuccinate	no growth

E - glutamic acid , F - phenylalanine , G- glycine , H- histidine