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CHAPTER 2 1. What does it mean when we way that two atoms are isotopes? 2. What is a covalent bond? 3. What is the difference

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1. two atoms are isotopes means , they have same number of protons or the atomic number is same but the number of nutrons are different in the nucleus or the atomic weight is different .

2. Covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two or more atoms share there one or more electron pairs for forming a stable , strong bond called as covalent bond.

3.

POLAR CPVALENT NONPOLAR COVALENT
they formes between two atoms which have little differece in electronegativity they formes between two atoms which have simmilarity in electronegativity
electrons are shared unequaly between two atoms electrons are shared equaly between two atoms
dissolve in water do not dissolve in water
polar bonds have dipole movement nonpolar bonds have no dipole movement

4. hydrophobic means water phobia or water fearing. The hydrophobic molecle does not attract water , they repel water . They does not dissolved in water.

5. pH measure the acidic and basic charecters of substances , like water , blood , digestive juice etc. It measures between the range of 0 to 14. where less than 7 indicate more acidic and greater than 7 indicate more basic.

6.

Kinetic energy Potential energy
this type of energy present in the body due to the property of motions this type of energy present in the body due to the property of state
this is transferable from one body to another this is not transferable from one body to another

7. the given functuinal groups are.

COOH- carbixylic group.

NH2- amino group

OH - hydroxyl group

PO4-2- phosphate group

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