The newest coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has created a far deadlier pandemic in part because once it infects a person it can lie undetected for a long time. An individual who had the SARS coronavirus did not transmit it until 24 to 36 hours after displaying symptoms such as fever and dry cough; people feeling ill could be isolated before they made others sick. But people with COVID-19 can transmit the virus before they show clear symptoms. Not feeling ill, infected men and women work, commute, shop, eat out and attend parties, all the while exhaling coronavirus into the airspace of people around them. The virus can remain undetected inside the human body for so long partly because its genome produces proteins that delay our immune system from sounding an alarm. Meanwhile lung cells die as the virus secretly reproduces. When the immune system does hear the call, it can go into overdrive, suffocating the very cells it is trying to save
What is the structure and origin of SARS-CoV-2 virus? What are its symptoms? Compare diseases caused by SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV. Why do you think an effective vaccine can be available only in 1 -1.5-2 years? What treatment for COVID-19 do you know?
Reflection for the following article "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1"
Could SARS II have been prevented by the lessons learned from SARS I?
Find SARS-CoV-2 on the phylogeny above – this is the virus that causes COVID-19. There have been two previous major coronavirus outbreaks in 21st century – SARS in 2002-2003 (caused by the virus SARS-CoV) and MERS in 2012-2013 (caused by the virus MERS-CoV). (a)Based on the phylogeny above, how do we know that COVID-19 is a new disease and not a resurgence of SARS or MERS? Be specific and refer to the relationships shown on the phylogeny in your answer....
The search for immunity to SARS-CoV-2 involves finding people who have been sick, and recovered from, that virus. Specifically, scientists are searching for IgM and IgG antibodies. Explain why it is preferable that an individual has IgG antibodies?
List basic structural characteristics of SARS-CoV-2
5.To gain entry, spikes of the SARS-CoV-2 bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) found in epithelial cells especially of the respiratory and oral passageways. As such, these cells are susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 is a protein consisting of multiple alpha-helices that is embedded in, and spans, the membrane. What is this type of protein called, and what structure do the alpha helices represent? 6.Following binding of spike proteins to ACE2, SARS-CoV-2 likely gains entry into the cell either...
What are some lessons learned from the previous SARS pandemic that can be applied to the current corona virus?
1-1. The SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, meaning it is surrounded by a bilayer of membrane that it acquires as it exits the host cell. a. What is the host membrane bilayer made of? b. What is the other main macromolecule that comprises the “fluid mosaic” model of a cell membrane? 1-2. To gain entry, spikes of the SARS-CoV-2 bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) found in epithelial cells especially of the respiratory and oral passageways. As such, these cells...
Explain the importance of evolution in the recent appearance of SARS-CoV-2. Your answer should demonstrate that you understand the concept of evolution and related concepts covered in the course.