Describe two outcomes of complement activation Why are complement proteins made in an inactive form?
Describe two outcomes of complement activation
Why are complement proteins made in an inactive form?
Homework Answers
Complement activation has various outcomes, two of them are :
Cell lysis:
The primary function of complement activation is to lyse the microbes that have invaded the host.
Inflammation:
During complement activation, some of the complement components are split into fragments, the larger fragments continue the complement cascade, whereas the smaller fragments play important roles in inflammation.
The complement proteins are made in an inactive form and get activated when triggered, like when a microbe attacks the host body. If these proteins are always active then they might end up destroying/ phagocytizing the normal host cells even when they pose no danger to the organism.
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Describe two outcomes of complement activation
Why are complement proteins made in an inactive form?
1. Why is complement considered a part of Innate Immunity? Is this the only form of...
1. Why is complement considered a part of Innate Immunity? Is this the only form of immunity it is part of - why or why not? 2. Describe the process of complement activation. 3. Pick one of the possible outcomes complement may have and describe the outcome. 4. Why is more growth seen with the heat-inactivated plates?
1. Why is complement considered a part of Innate Immunity? Is this the only form of...
1. Why is complement considered a part of Innate Immunity? Is this the only form of immunity it is part of - why or why not? 2. Describe the process of complement activation. 3. Pick one of the possible outcomes complement may have and describe the outcome. 4. Why is more growth seen with the heat-inactivated plates? 5. What might it mean if, upon comparing Plate Set 1 (PS1) and Plate Set 2 (PS2) for the soil sample, they differ...
Describe how stopping complement activation would protect the bacteria?
Describe how stopping complement activation would protect the bacteria?
1 pts Match the type or outcome of complement activation with the proteins involved [Choose] C2a...
1 pts Match the type or outcome of complement activation with the proteins involved [Choose] C2a and C4b Choose ] C5b, C6,7,8 and 9 [Choose] c3b [Choose] Cза [Choose IPES Genetic diseases caused by mutations in gene encoding complement proteins cause defects in immune response. Which of the following would you predict to cause the most severe immune dysfunction. mutation of the C9 gene All of these would be equally serious O mutation of the C5 gene mutation of the...
1. Which of the following complement activation pathways can be activated by antibodies? a. Lectin activation...
1. Which of the following complement activation pathways can be activated by antibodies? a. Lectin activation pathway b. Classical activation pathway c. Alternate activation pathway d. All of the above can be activated by antibodies. e. None of the above can be activated by antibodies. 2. Which of the following cells are leukocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d. all of the above e, none of the above 3 Which of the following cells are lymphocytes? a. NK...
need 35-41 asap!! 35. Which of the following is true about complement? a. The activation of...
need 35-41 asap!!
35. Which of the following is true about complement? a. The activation of complement ends in the lysis of bacterial cells. b. They are a set of proteins in blood, lymph and extracellular fluid c. They attack the membrane of bacterial cells. d. all of the above 36. Which of the following produces antibodies? a. memory cells c. liver cells b. T cells d. plasma cells 37. Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against a....
-Trace the general mechanism by which a signal transduction pathway occurs (i.e. from signaling molecule to response) Describe the two ways in which signaling proteins act as molecular switches -...
-Trace the general mechanism by which a signal transduction pathway occurs (i.e. from signaling molecule to response) Describe the two ways in which signaling proteins act as molecular switches -Which amino acid residues do kinases typically add phosphate groups? Distinguish between the two types of G proteins -What proteins regulate GTP-binding protein (G proteins) in terms of activation and inactivation? - Distinguish between the three main classes of cell surface receptors.
-Trace the general mechanism by which a signal transduction...
Describe why the alternate complement pathway is activated only when associating with microbial cell surfaces.
Describe why the alternate complement pathway is activated only when associating with microbial cell surfaces.
Would the correct answer be A because two (-) form a (+)? Can you explain why...
Would the correct answer be A because two (-) form a (+)? Can
you explain why the other answers are incorrect as well
In which of the following schematic drawings of signaling pathways does the activation of the receptor lead to gene expression? Activating and inhibitory steps are indicated with (+) and (-), respectively. 0 0 -040*O **) pena Expression signaling proteins Activated receptor Transcription activator 0-0-0-0-0 * pene Expression C 피 fene Expression fene Expression 1 Sene Expression
3. What are two ways by which bacteria can overcome (or resist) the effects of antibiotics (i.e., what are 2 things bact...
3. What are two ways by which bacteria can overcome (or resist) the effects of antibiotics (i.e., what are 2 things bacteria can do to antibiotics so they do NOT work against bactertia)? Which form of DNA is most likely to contain genes that specify antibiotic resistance? 4. Some bacteria can stop the activation of complement. Suggest how this might be accomplished (ie- suggest 2 or 3 things bacteria might do to complement to stop or prevent complement activation). Describe...
1 pts Match the type or outcome of complement activation with the proteins involved [Choose] C2a and C4b Choose ] C5b, C6,7,8 and 9 [Choose] c3b [Choose] Cза [Choose IPES Genetic diseases caused by mutations in gene encoding complement proteins cause defects in immune response. Which of the following would you predict to cause the most severe immune dysfunction. mutation of the C9 gene All of these would be equally serious O mutation of the C5 gene mutation of the...
1. Which of the following complement activation pathways can be activated by antibodies? a. Lectin activation pathway b. Classical activation pathway c. Alternate activation pathway d. All of the above can be activated by antibodies. e. None of the above can be activated by antibodies. 2. Which of the following cells are leukocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d. all of the above e, none of the above 3 Which of the following cells are lymphocytes? a. NK...
need 35-41 asap!!
35. Which of the following is true about complement? a. The activation of complement ends in the lysis of bacterial cells. b. They are a set of proteins in blood, lymph and extracellular fluid c. They attack the membrane of bacterial cells. d. all of the above 36. Which of the following produces antibodies? a. memory cells c. liver cells b. T cells d. plasma cells 37. Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against a....
-Trace the general mechanism by which a signal transduction pathway occurs (i.e. from signaling molecule to response) Describe the two ways in which signaling proteins act as molecular switches -Which amino acid residues do kinases typically add phosphate groups? Distinguish between the two types of G proteins -What proteins regulate GTP-binding protein (G proteins) in terms of activation and inactivation? - Distinguish between the three main classes of cell surface receptors.
-Trace the general mechanism by which a signal transduction...
Describe why the alternate complement pathway is activated only when associating with microbial cell surfaces.
Would the correct answer be A because two (-) form a (+)? Can
you explain why the other answers are incorrect as well
In which of the following schematic drawings of signaling pathways does the activation of the receptor lead to gene expression? Activating and inhibitory steps are indicated with (+) and (-), respectively. 0 0 -040*O **) pena Expression signaling proteins Activated receptor Transcription activator 0-0-0-0-0 * pene Expression C 피 fene Expression fene Expression 1 Sene Expression
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