Question

The school of ethical universalism holds that:

a. all societies, cultures, and countries use essentially the very same set of ethical principles and standards to define what is ethically right and ethically wrong and to judge the conduct of individuals and all types of organizations.

b. common moral agreement about right and wrong actions and behaviors across multiple cultures and countries gives rise to universal ethical standards that apply to the members of all societies, all companies, and all businesspeople.

c. standards of what is ethically right and ethically wrong are clear and absolute, consequently, there is no basis for any deviation from country to country or situation to situation.

d. ethical standards are objectively-determined by the ethically-approved and ethically-disapproved actions and behaviors prevailing in most countries, societies and cultures.

e. what is ethically right and ethically wrong is appropriately governed by consensus agreement among the world's most distinguished religious officials - every century since 1200 A>D> prominent religious people from across the world have convened in the first year of each century to consider and approve a set of ethical standards for the next 100 years.

Answer 1

b. common moral agreement about right and wrong actions and behaviors across multiple cultures and countries gives rise to universal ethical standards that apply to the members of all societies, all companies, and all businesspeople.

Ethical universalism in the general term shall mean that such ethical practices that are universally accepted across the societies or in the world of businesses. In this regard, none of the options but Option B correctly defines the school of ethical universalism because the concept holds that the concepts of right and wrong are generally associated with what people believe it to be so in the society. Such a society, though may differ culturally or geographically, share these ethical standards much in common thereby facilitating the holding of same ethical standards in the Corporate world as well, irrespective of its geographical or cultural differences. Further, even to the societies and the people in any community, such universal ethical standards shall be applicable.