Question

Please discuss ONE SPECIFIC medication for urinary disorder. Give class; actions and uses; side effects & adverse reactions; contraindications & toxicity; administration; any other pertinent information.

Answer 1

FLUROQUINOLONES : The fluorinated quinolones were synthesized and the fluoroquinolones have wider spectrum of activity, fewer side effects, lesser chances of resistance, attain therapeutic blood levels and have better tissue penetration when compared to quinolones. The fluoroquinolones includes: Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin,peflxacin,ofloxacin.
Action : fluoroquinolones are bactericidal. They inhibit the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are required for DNA replication and transcription.Topoisomerase IV is essential for separation of the daughter cells replication.

Adverse reactions : Fluoroquinolones are well tolerated. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea and skin rashes may be seen. Tendinitis with associated risk of tendon rupture has been reported. Fluoroquinolones damages the growing cartilage resulting in arthropathy and are therefore contraindicated up-to 18 yrs.

Uses : Urinary tract infection, typhoid, diarrhea, gonorrhoea, chancroid, anthrax, tuberculosis, eye infections, meningococcal carrier state.

Contra indication : Fluoroquinolones are contra indicated in pregnancy. Less than 18 yrs of age because FQ's damage the growing cartilages. Dose adjustment should be done in renal failure ( except for moxifloxacin)