In this chapter, we focused on the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions?
(a) How do we know that bacteria regulate the expression of certain genes in response to the environment?
(b) What evidence established that lactose serves as the inducer of a gene whose product is related to lactose metabolism?
(c) What led researchers to conclude that a repressor molecule regulates the lac operon?
(d) How do we know that the lac repressor is a protein?
(e) How do we know that the trp operon is a repressible control system, in contrast to the lac operon, which is an inducible control system?
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