Thermal burns are the most common type of burns resulting from making contact with heated objects such as boiling water, hot cooking oil,steam and hot objects.
Diagnosis:-
Thermal burns
Pathophysiology related to client problem:-
- Heated objects which cause burns result in cellular destruction of the skin layers and underlying tissue.
Health promotion & Disease prevention:-
- Fire extinguishers
- Family exit/ meeting plan
- Stop,drop and roll to extinguish clothes that are on fire.
Risk factor:-
- Use of cooking pots on ground level
- Faulty habits like use of clothing to hold cooking pot
- Alcohol abuse and smoking
- Medical conditions such as epilepsy and physical and cognitive disabilities.
Laboratory test:-
- White blood cells(WBC)
- Neutrophil percentage
- ESR
- C- Reactive protein(CRP)
Expected finding:-
Physical finding
- Redness,swelling are seen on affected area
- Pain
- Blister may develop
Laboratory finding
-WBC,Neutrophil ,ESR and CRP level are raised.
Diagnostic Procedure:-
- Asses the severity of burn by examining the skin.
- Some laboratory test such as WBC,CRP, ESR should be done.
Nursing Care:-
- Maintain patient airway/respiratory function
- Restore hemodynamic stability and circulating value.
- Relief pain
Therapeutic procedures:-
- Cool burn by holding burned skin under cool running water.
- Protect burn by covering with sterile,non adhesive bandage or clean cloth.
- Apply petroleum based ointment 2-3 time per day
- Treat pain by painkiller such as Ibuprofen, acetaminophen
Medication:-
- Pain reliever medications such as Ibuprofen,acetaminophen etc.
- Antibiotics as per the severity of burn
- Tetanus shot
Client Education:-
- Avoid scratching the affected area
- Clean the affected area daily
- Apply petroleum based ointment 2-3 times daily.
- Take painkiller if necessary
Interprofessional care:-
- Prevent infection by regular and proper clearing and dressing of the affected area.
Safety consideration:-
3 phases:-
- Emergent:- Injury to 24 - 48 hours
- Acute:- @ 36 - 48 hours
- Rehabilitative :- Begins when most of burn area has healed.
- Infection prevention
Complications:-
- Sepsis due to bacterial infection
- Hypovolemia due to fluid loss
- Hypothermia
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