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antioxidants prevent cancer? People who eat o Do of fruits and vegetables have lower rates of colon cancer than those who eat little of these foods. Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants such as vita- A, C, and E. Will taking antioxidants help pre- ns vent colon cancer? A medical experiment studied this question with 864 people who were at risk of colon cancer. The subjects were divided into four groups: daily beta-carotene, daily vitamins C and E, all three vitamins every day, or daily placebo. After four years, the researchers were surprised to find no significant mi difference in colon cancer among the groups.4 9 (a) What are the explanatory and response variables in this experiment? (b) Outline the design of the experiment. Use your judgment in choosing the group sizes. (c) The study was double-blind. What does this mean? (d) What does no significant difference mean in describing the outcome of the study? (e) Suggest some lurking variables that could explain why people who eat lots of fruits and vegectables have lower rates of colon cancer. The experiment suggests that these variables, rather than the antioxidants may be responsible for the observed benefits of fruits and vegetables. lanoyl methionine,

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