Question

. Complete a plan of care for a patient with an electrolyte imbalance: fluid volume deficit and fluid volume excess; sodium deficit (hyponatremia) and sodium excess (hypernatremia); potassium deficit (hypokalemia) and potassium excess (hyperkalemia

Answer 1

Electrolyte Imbalance:
Fluid Volume Deficit:
Care plan:
- Check patient vitals every 4 hours..
- Check patient weight for any weight loss
-Encourage fluid intake and fruits intake to the patient..
- Assess the patient skin for dehydration..
-Check patient intake and output every hourly..
-Start IV normal saline if patient cannot take intake orally
- check patient serum electrolyte for electrolyte abnormalities..
Fluid volume excess:
- check patient vital sighs every 4th hourly..
-connect the patient with continuous cardiac monitoring..
- check patient oxygen saturation for impaired gas exchange
-Check patient weight
- check patient intake and output
- Advice patient to restrict fluid intake
- monitor patient neurological status for any confusion, orientation etc.
-Monitor patient activity tolerance
- if patient having dyspnea administer o2 as per doctor advice..
Sodium deficit(Hyponatremia)
- Monitor vitals sighs hourly
-check patient urine output and oral intake
-monitor serum sodium level..
- Restrict water intake more then body requirement
- Administer IV solution (normal saline) as per doctor advice to replace the sodium
Sodium excess(hypernatremia)
-Administer IV fluids to reduce the sodium concentration.
- Check vitals every hourly.
- Check patient neurological status
- Encourage patient for salt restriction diet
- check patient weight and assess for swelling.
-Monitor patient sodium and potassium level..
-monitor patient breathing pattern.
Potassium deficit(Hypokalemia)
- Monitor patient vitals, respiratory status,neuro status
- check patient urine output
-check patient BUN and serum creatinine level to know about renal status
- monitor serum sodium,glucose, calcium level..
-Administer oral supplement of potassium or intravenous solution drip
- Administer potassium sparing diuretics as per doctor advice.
Potassium excess(Hyperkalemia)
- Monitor cardiac,respiratory and renal status.
- monitor patient conscious level..
-Advice patient to avoid potassium rich foods
- Administer potassium wasting drugs like lasix as per doctor advice
- Administer hypertonic solution as per doctor's order
- Prepare patient for dialysis as per patient condition..
-Provide IV regular insulin 10units to shift potassium back to cells.
- monitor patient intake and output
-monitor serum sodium,potassium,calcium,magnesium level..