Question

Lea Group Assignments 1. As a group, construct a table listing each class of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, lincosamides, monobactam, penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and antimycobacterials). Label columns for therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, common adverse reactions, and important drug-drug interactions. For each antibiotic group, complete the table. ... nah amin an antibiotic class (aminoglycosides,

Answer 1

SL.NO	CLASSIFICATION	THERAPEUTIC ACTION	PHARMACOKINETICS	CONTRAINDICATION	ADVERSE DRUG REACTION	DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION
1	AMINOGLYCOSIDES : Systemic- Amikacin,gentamicin, tobramycin, streptomycin,sisomicin,netilmicinTopical- neomycin, framycetin	sepsis caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria, synergetic activity in endocarditis caused by streptococci, staphylococci and enterococci,topically for infected wound ulcers,burn,external ear infections,conjuctivitis	IV . Renal clearence (half life 2.5 hrs),conventional dosing 1.3-1.7 mg/kg q8h with global peak level 5-8 mcg//ml,trough levels< 2 mcg/ml.once-daily dosing at 5-7 mg/kg as effective and may less toxicity than conventional dosing	pregnancy, kidney damage,muscle relaxants	ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity,neuromuscular blockade	NSAIDs,Amphotericin B,Vancomycin,cyclosporine, Mannitol,Cisplatin,Furosemide
2	CEPHALOSPORINS: Cephalothin,Cefazolin,Cefuroxime, Cefaclor,Cefotaxime,Cefixime,Cefdinir,Cefepime	sinusitis,otitis, lower respiratory tract infection,peritonitis,diverticulitispelvic inflammatory disease,meningitis,surgical prophylaxis,	IV,Oral,majority are not metabolized,excreted rapidly by kidney,have short t1/2	BONE MARROW DISORDERS	pain, diarrhoea,hypersensitivityreactions,nephrotoxicity,bleeding,neutropenia,thrombocytopenia	alcohol , alcohol containing medication
3	fluoroquinolone: norfloxacin, ofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,Moxifloxacin	urinary tract infection,gasteroenteritis, osteomyelitis,anthrax	Oral,IV,mixed clearance(half life 4h), dosed every 12 h,divalent and trivalent cations,impair oral oral absorption,	TENDON RUPTURE	gastrointestinal upset,neurotoxicity,tendonitis	theophylline, caffeine, warfarin,NSAIDs,Antacids,Sucralfate,iron salts
4	sulfonamides : trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole,sulfadoxine,sulfasalazine	Chroniic urinary tract infection,respiratory tract infection,pneumocystiis carnii pneumonia,chancroid	oral, IV, renal clearence,dosed every 8-12 h ,formulated 5:1 ratio of sulfamethoxazole to trimethoprim,	pregnancy, kidney damage,muscle relaxants	nausea,vomiting,stoamtitis,headache,and rashesfolate deficiency,blood dyscariasis,bone marrow toxicity,crystalluria	diuretics,phenytoin,tolbutamide,warfarin,methotraxte
5	MACROLIDES: Erythromycin,Clarithromycin,Azithromycin,Telithromycin	community-acquired pneumonia,pertusis
SL.NO	CLASSIFICATION	THERAPEUTIC ACTION	PHARMACOKINETICS	CONTRAINDICATION	ADVERSE DRUG REACTION	DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION
1	AMINOGLYCOSIDES : Systemic- Amikacin,gentamicin, tobramycin, streptomycin,sisomicin,netilmicinTopical- neomycin, framycetin	sepsis caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria, synergetic activity in endocarditis caused by streptococci, staphylococci and enterococci,topically for infected wound ulcers,burn,external ear infections,conjuctivitis	IV . Renal clearence (half life 2.5 hrs),conventional dosing 1.3-1.7 mg/kg q8h with global peak level 5-8 mcg//ml,trough levels< 2 mcg/ml.once-daily dosing at 5-7 mg/kg as effective and may less toxicity than conventional dosing	pregnancy, kidney damage,muscle relaxants	ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity,neuromuscular blockade	NSAIDs,Amphotericin B,Vancomycin,cyclosporine, Mannitol,Cisplatin,Furosemide
2	CEPHALOSPORINS: Cephalothin,Cefazolin,Cefuroxime, Cefaclor,Cefotaxime,Cefixime,Cefdinir,Cefepime	sinusitis,otitis, lower respiratory tract infection,peritonitis,diverticulitispelvic inflammatory disease,meningitis,surgical prophylaxis,	IV,Oral,majority are not metabolized,excreted rapidly by kidney,have short t1/2	BONE MARROW DISORDERS	pain, diarrhoea,hypersensitivityreactions,nephrotoxicity,bleeding,neutropenia,thrombocytopenia	alcohol , alcohol containing medication
3	fluoroquinolone: norfloxacin, ofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,Moxifloxacin	urinary tract infection,gasteroenteritis, osteomyelitis,anthrax	Oral,IV,mixed clearance(half life 4h), dosed every 12 h,divalent and trivalent cations,impair oral oral absorption,	TENDON RUPTURE	gastrointestinal upset,neurotoxicity,tendonitis	theophylline, caffeine, warfarin,NSAIDs,Antacids,Sucralfate,iron salts
4	sulfonamides : trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole,sulfadoxine,sulfasalazine	Chroniic urinary tract infection,respiratory tract infection,pneumocystiis carnii pneumonia,chancroid	oral, IV, renal clearence,dosed every 8-12 h ,formulated 5:1 ratio of sulfamethoxazole to trimethoprim,	pregnancy, kidney damage,muscle relaxants	nausea,vomiting,stoamtitis,headache,and rashesfolate deficiency,blood dyscariasis,bone marrow toxicity,crystalluria	diuretics,phenytoin,tolbutamide,warfarin,methotraxte
5	MACROLIDES: Erythromycin,Clarithromycin,Azithromycin,Telithromycin	community-acquired pneumonia,pertusis