Question

Group Assignments, Chapter 9, Antibiotics

1. As a group, construct a table listing each class of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, lincosamides, monobactam, penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and antimycobacterials). Label columns for therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, common adverse reactions, and important drug–drug interactions. For each antibiotic group, complete the table.

2. Assign each group an antibiotic class (aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, lincosamides, monobactam, penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and antimycobacterials). Each group develops flash cards covering therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, common adverse reactions, and important drug–drug interactions. Groups quiz each other using flash cards.

3. As a group, compare the nursing considerations for each group of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, lincosamides, monobactam, penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and antimycobacterials). Determine the similarities and differences. Discuss how this information can be utilized in clinical practice.

Answer 1

Following is the table containing all information -

Drug	Mechanism	Pharmacokinetics	Side effects	Contraindications	Drug-Drug interactions
Aminoglycoside	Inhibits the polypeptide chain elongation in ribosome.	Prolonged dosage interval.	Inner ear toxicity	Increase weakness in patients with Myasthenia gravis.	Cidofovir, Streptozocin
Cephalosporins	Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis.	Eliminated rapidly from body.	Diarrhea, nausea	Contraindicated to patients with allergic reactions to cephalosporins or penicillin.	Cimetidine, ranitidine
Fluoroquinolones	Inhibit religation by topoisomerase.	Mild to high elimination life and bioavailability.	Tendon rupture, insomnia	Contraindicated to patients with epilepsy.	Cimetidine, warfarin
Macrolides	Inhibit peptidyltransferase activity.	Differs from drug to drug. Erythromycin is quickly degraded.	Myopathy	Contraindicated in patients with cardiac arrythmia	Colchicine
Lincosamide	Inhibit peptidyltransferase activity.	Almost entirely absorbed.	Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting	Contraindicated in horses.	Anesthetic agents
Monobactams	Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis.	High clearance	Skin rashes	Contraindicated in patients with history of seizures.	Cephalosporins
Penicillin	Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis.	Short half life	Diarrhea, hypersensitivity, rashes.	Contraindicated in patients with diarrhea.	Amoxicillin, aspirin
Sulfonamides	Inhibit folate synthesis.	Readily absorbed	Urinary tract disorders, porphyria	Contraindicated in patients allergic to sulfonamides.	Warfarin
Tetracycline	Inhibit protein synthesis	Well absorbed	Teeth discolouration	Contraindicated in patients with liver problems.	Penicillin, isoretinoin
Antimycobacterial	Inhibit mycolic acids synthesis	Well absorbed	Optic neuritis	Varies drug to drug. Isoniazid – contraindicated in drug induced hepatitis.	Rifampicin interacts with transplant immunosuppressants

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