Question

Group assignment, chapter 9, Antibiotic

Assign each group an antibiotic class (aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, lincosamides, monobactam, penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and antimycobacterials). Each group develops flash cards covering therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, common adverse reactions, and important drug–drug interactions. Groups quiz each other using flash cards.

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides:

Theraputic action: they are bacticidal and active against wide range of gram negative infection like skin, urinary tract infections.

Pharmacokinetics: elimination half life in normal patient 1.5 to 3 hours. 80 to 90% of administered dose is excreted in urine.

contraindication: in patients with mitochondrial disease

ADR: ototoxic damage, vestibulo toxic impairment, nephrotoxicity, encephalopathy

Drug drug interactions: Aminoglycoside with trimethaphan, cidofovir, streptozocin

Cephalosporins:

theraputic action: they are bactericidal inhibit the cell wall synthesis used in respiratory, skin and urinary infection.

Pharmakokinetics: it has half life f 4.4 to 5 hours approximately most of them eliminates rapidly through kidney.

contraindication: to allergic patients

ADR: electrolyte disturbances, diarrhoea, inflammation, rashes etc

drug drug interactions: cephalosporins with probenecid

Fluoroquinolone:

theraputic action: they are bactericidal by interacting with DNA replication.

Pharmacokinetics: it has excellent to moderate bioavailability, half life of 50 to 98%, it is excreted renally and have hepatic metabolism

contraindication: epileptic and stroke patient

ADR: nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia

Drug drug interactions: with methyl xanthines and metal cations

Macrolides:

Theraputic action: inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and inhibiting the cell growth

pharmacokinetics: inhibit 50 s subunit of 70s ribosome. Degrade in stomach.

Contraindication: with heart disorder patient

ADR: nausea, vomiting, cholestasis

Drug drug interactions: with carbamazepine, cyclosporine, trrfenazine, astemiOle etc