Question

• Discuss the effects of prostate cancer and testicular cancer.
• Who is at risk and how can it be prevented?
• Do you think public awareness and early diagnosis of male cancers has changed in recent years, why/why not?
• Identify two sexually transmitted diseases and discuss their causes, transmission, side effects, and treatment.
• What does the data show about recent trends in the occurrence/incidence rate of the two sexually transmitted diseases you identified?
• Discuss strategies to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
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Answer 1

Describe the effect of prostate cancer and testicular cancer;

Prostate cancer;

Prostate cancer caneu is the prostate, prostate a Walnut shaped gland is mer That produces "The seminal fleed o lesinato to a prostate cancer & The most common type of cancer in c are mutation is DNA or genetic material lead to the growth of canuous alls

Effects of prostate cancer;

Effects of prostate cancer - obstructive IIritative voiding. It consists f hesitaney, Intumitent urinary stream, hent Decreased force of stream, may have growth isto The urethra o bladder Neck e Rétention of wire urine are stayed in Love the winary bladder ston prozrue arrenal Hematuria Blood present in the wire Hemato sperma, → Blood Present is the Spelman Renal failure By Back flow of were The urinary Blodder to kidney cinny Rexel from system

Effect of prostate cancer in advanced disease;

Advanud diseases: If it spread to the regional pelvic lymph nodes d el Edema a lower Extremities mairly dhe to acconcelotion of fluid is the lower limb & pelvic and perineal discomfort, if it spread to pelvic area infection scaus

Effect of prostate cancer in rectal involvement;

Rectal Tivolvement im A39 » Hemato chesian ini aloilor a constipation, nomornen a Intermittent diarrhoea Abdomino pelvic pain to tid retention and electrolyte imbalance Rinal impairment des to prolonged bladder outlet obstruction

Advanced disease-metastatic symptoms;

Advanud diseases - metastatic symptoms → Bony-paill pathological Bracteze spiral tenderness o n s & Spinal coid compression - Neurological deficie sensory motor changes/ bowel bladdu desfertil pelvic 1 para costic LAP - Edena of abdominal wall, genitalia be lower extremities/ mass abdomen. xdrenal I leurgl skir metastases

Testicular cancer;

Testiulau canar n a malignant neoplasm of testes. cho o carce is the male organ, which produa an hormone and speem m e a paisless kemp on Swellers on the testicle arx Testiche located in the scrotun.

Effect of testicular cancer;

• Due to primary tumour,
• Due to metastasis,
• Clinical examination.

Due to primary tumour-effects of testicular cancer;

- Due to Primary tumour ro wastest painless testicular lump, where the Testiculou size increases coithout any tenderness patient feels sersection of heaviness of Size > Than 2-3 times when Rarely dragging pais is complained where the pulling of pair like type prosent I sudder pain and erlaugment due to Hemorrhage mimicking torsion som U VO

Effect of testicular cancer in metastasis;

DUL Due to metastasis so Abdominal ox lumbar pair mainly due to The spread of cancer cello isto abdomen or lumbar region patient feels pain asing to say o Syspnoea difficult in breathing, homoptyses where Blood is prosent, chest pair with ling meto » Jaundic with liver mete, where unog ugated billirebir does not comerted este conjugat - pedal sedena

Clinical examination;

cercal Examination: a see Ellenged testis Nodulu testis füm to hand is consistency a loss of testicular sensation a secondary hydroche fat and difficult to feel epididymis → Cerucal examination for metastased,