Question

• Discuss the effects of prostate cancer and testicular cancer.
• Who is at risk and how can it be prevented?
• Do you think public awareness and early diagnosis of male cancers has changed in recent years, why/why not?
• Identify two sexually transmitted diseases and discuss their causes, transmission, side effects, and treatment.
• What does the data show about recent trends in the occurrence/incidence rate of the two sexually transmitted diseases you identified?
• Discuss strategies to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.

Please type the answer and provide references as well. Thank you.

Answer 1

Ans) Effects of:

Prostate cancer: Prostate cancer affects the prostate gland, the gland that produces some of the fluid in semen and plays a role in urine control in men. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. It is treatable if diagnosed early, before it spreads. If symptoms appear, they include problems with urination

Testicular cancer: A cancerous lump may be as small as a pea or much larger. In most cases, only one testicle is affected. Sometimes, testicular cancer cells spread into the lymph glands and other organs in the body (most commonly the lungs). If this happens, you may have other symptoms, such as a cough or shortness of breath.

Risk: Because cryptorchidism is often fixed at a young age, many men may not know if they had the condition. Family history. A man who has a close relative, particularly a brother, who has had testicular cancer has an increased risk of developing testicular cancer. Personal history.

A diet high in vegetables, fruits, and legumes, such as beans and peas, may decrease the risk of prostate cancer. Men should talk with their doctors before taking any supplements to prevent prostate cancer. Specific changes to eating behaviors may not stop or slow the development of prostate cancer.

Yes, public awareness and early diagnosis is changed in recent years. Beginning at about age 50 (earlier if your family history suggests it), all men should consider starting routine screening for prostate cancer.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) — or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) — are generally acquired by sexual contact. The organisms (bacteria, viruses or parasites) that cause sexually transmitted diseases may pass from person to person in blood, semen, or vaginale and other bodily fluids.

Sometimes these infections can be transmitted nonsexually, such as from mother to infant during pregnancy or childbirth, or through blood transfusions or shared needles.

STDs don't always cause symptoms. It's possible to contract sexually transmitted diseases from people who seem perfectly healthy and may not even know they have an infection.

Transmission from mother to infant
Certain STIs — such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV and syphilis — can be passed from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy or delivery. STIs in infants can cause serious problems or even death. All pregnant women should be screened for these infections and treated.