Homework Answers
ATP is used as energy currency of cell. Energy is stored in the covalent bonds between phosphates, with the greatest amount of energy (approximately 7 kcal/mole) in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. The bonds between phosphate molecules are called phosphoanhydride bonds. They are energy-rich and contain a ΔG of -30.5 kJ/mol.
So when ATP hydrolysis or break into ADP, large amount of energy is released because ADP entropy is higher than ATP which causes the reaction to occur spontaneously and energy is released.
When in ADP, phosphate is added, energy is given , to bring ADP into higher energy or lower entropy level and ATP is formed :)
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Glycolysis. In the third step of glycolysis, the enzyme phosphofructokinase transfers a phosphate...
Conversely, in muscle cells, low energy charge ["activates or inhibits"] glycolysis. Specifically, AMP activates the enzyme ["phosphofructokinase...
Conversely, in muscle cells, low energy charge ["activates or inhibits"] glycolysis. Specifically, AMP activates the enzyme ["phosphofructokinase 1 or hexokinase"] . Pyruvate kinase is positively regulated by [fructose 1,6-bisphosphate or glucose 6-phosphate"] through feed-forward activation. The enzyme ["hexokinase or phosphofructokinase 1] is not affected. Choose one of the answers in the brackets.
match the following 1. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to Fructose 6- phosphate through this enzyme _____...
match the following 1. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to Fructose 6- phosphate through this enzyme _____ 2. Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors _____ 3. Stage in which two molecules of ATP are consumed _____ 4. This is formed from pyruvate in yeast and several other microorganisms through fermentation _____ 5. The isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate is a coversion of an aldose into a …._____ 6. Pyruvate is converted by pyruvate carboxylase into this intermediate _____ 7....
In order to determine if the patient with the blood results shown here could complete glycolysis,...
In order to determine if the patient with the blood results shown here could complete glycolysis, what substance would you test for in her blood? Blood Metabolic Panel Blood Glucose + Glucose-6-phosphate ++ Fructose-6-phosphate ++ Fructose-1,6,bisphosphate ++ Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ++ 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate ++ Phosphoenolpyruvate ++ Pyruvate - ATP - Red Blood Cell Concentration - A. Pyruvate B. Pyruvate kinase (enzyme that preceeds Puruvate)
a. Which step in glycolysis is the major control point? Step 10, the addition of phosphate...
a. Which step in glycolysis is the major control point? Step 10, the addition of phosphate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Step 3, the addition of phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. Step 1, the addition of phosphate to glucose. b. What compounds act as positive effectors of the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction? Citrate МАТР O Pyruvate ADP AMP c. What compounds are negative effectors? O AMP Citrate ADP ATP Glucose
Question 30 (1 point) The enzyme phosphofructokinase is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis. What reaction...
Question 30 (1 point) The enzyme phosphofructokinase is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis. What reaction does it catalyze? the phosphorylation of fructose 6- phosphate. the substrate-level phosphorylation reaction whereby phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. the first of the 10 reactions of glycolysis.
Tautomerization of enolpyruvate to pyruvate occurs in step 10 of glycolysis. If DG°’ = -46 kJ/mol,...
Tautomerization of enolpyruvate to pyruvate occurs in step 10 of glycolysis. If DG°’ = -46 kJ/mol, what is the ratio of pyruvate to enolpyruvate at equilibrium? Steady-State Concentrations of Glycolytic Metabolites in Erythrocytes Metabolite mM Glucose 5.0 Glucose-6-phosphate 0.083 Fructose-6-phosphate 0.014 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 0.031 Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 0.14 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 0.019 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 0.001 3-Phosphoglycerate 0.12 2-Phosphoglycerate 0.030 Phosphoenolpyruvate 0.023 Pyruvate 0.051 Lactate 2.9 ATP 1.85 ADP 0.14 Pi 1.0
Question 30 (1 point) The enzyme phosphofructokinase is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis. What reaction...
Question 30 (1 point) The enzyme phosphofructokinase is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis. What reaction does it catalyze? o the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate the substrate-level phosphorylation reaction whereby phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate 0 the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. 0 the first of the 10 reactions of glycolysis. 0
GLYCOLYSIS Glucose-8 phosphate + Glucose 2 Fructose-6-phosphate 3 Fructose-1,6-biphosphate Dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate 5 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate VT6 2 (1,3-biphosphoglycerate) 7...
GLYCOLYSIS Glucose-8 phosphate + Glucose 2 Fructose-6-phosphate 3 Fructose-1,6-biphosphate Dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate 5 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate VT6 2 (1,3-biphosphoglycerate) 7 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate 9 phosphoenolpyruvate 10 Lactate Pyruvate Which two reactions of glycolysis requires an investment of ATP energy, and which enzyme catalyzes each reaction? Reaction Number Enzyme Reaction Number Enzyme Which two reactions of glycolysis generate energy in the form of ATP, and which enzyme catalyzes each reaction? Reaction Number Enzyme Reaction Number Enzyme Which glycolytic reaction generates energy in the form of NADH,...
To answer this question, you may reference the Metabolic Map. Select the steps of glycolysis in...
To answer this question, you may reference the Metabolic Map. Select the steps of glycolysis in which ATP is produced. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate — 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate fructose 6-phosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate glucose + glucose 6-phosphate phosphoenolpyruvate - pyruvate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate Suppose 19 glucose molecules enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of inorganic phosphate molecules required as well as the number of pyruvate molecules produced. pyruvate =
1. You have given all the enzymes and intermediates in glycolysis. Choose the right enzymes and...
1. You have given all the enzymes and intermediates in glycolysis. Choose the right enzymes and intermediates and draw the glycolytic pathway. Decorate the diagram by adding ATP, ADP, H", NADH, NAD', P, and H20 where necessary. All the steps are reversible except 1, 3 and 10; draw appropriate arrow. First arrange the reactants in the correct order. Reactants/intermediates: 3-phosphoglycerate glucose Phosphoenolpyruvate dihydroxyacetone phosphate Pyruvate glucose 6-phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate fructose 6-phosophate 2-phosphoglycerate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Enzymes: Phosphoglucoisomerase phosphoglycerate kinase phosphoglycerate...
a. Which step in glycolysis is the major control point? Step 10, the addition of phosphate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Step 3, the addition of phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. Step 1, the addition of phosphate to glucose. b. What compounds act as positive effectors of the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction? Citrate МАТР O Pyruvate ADP AMP c. What compounds are negative effectors? O AMP Citrate ADP ATP Glucose
Question 30 (1 point) The enzyme phosphofructokinase is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis. What reaction does it catalyze? the phosphorylation of fructose 6- phosphate. the substrate-level phosphorylation reaction whereby phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. the first of the 10 reactions of glycolysis.
Question 30 (1 point) The enzyme phosphofructokinase is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis. What reaction does it catalyze? o the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate the substrate-level phosphorylation reaction whereby phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate 0 the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. 0 the first of the 10 reactions of glycolysis. 0
GLYCOLYSIS Glucose-8 phosphate + Glucose 2 Fructose-6-phosphate 3 Fructose-1,6-biphosphate Dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate 5 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate VT6 2 (1,3-biphosphoglycerate) 7 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate 9 phosphoenolpyruvate 10 Lactate Pyruvate Which two reactions of glycolysis requires an investment of ATP energy, and which enzyme catalyzes each reaction? Reaction Number Enzyme Reaction Number Enzyme Which two reactions of glycolysis generate energy in the form of ATP, and which enzyme catalyzes each reaction? Reaction Number Enzyme Reaction Number Enzyme Which glycolytic reaction generates energy in the form of NADH,...
To answer this question, you may reference the Metabolic Map. Select the steps of glycolysis in which ATP is produced. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate — 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate fructose 6-phosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate glucose + glucose 6-phosphate phosphoenolpyruvate - pyruvate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate Suppose 19 glucose molecules enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of inorganic phosphate molecules required as well as the number of pyruvate molecules produced. pyruvate =
1. You have given all the enzymes and intermediates in glycolysis. Choose the right enzymes and intermediates and draw the glycolytic pathway. Decorate the diagram by adding ATP, ADP, H", NADH, NAD', P, and H20 where necessary. All the steps are reversible except 1, 3 and 10; draw appropriate arrow. First arrange the reactants in the correct order. Reactants/intermediates: 3-phosphoglycerate glucose Phosphoenolpyruvate dihydroxyacetone phosphate Pyruvate glucose 6-phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate fructose 6-phosophate 2-phosphoglycerate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Enzymes: Phosphoglucoisomerase phosphoglycerate kinase phosphoglycerate...
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