Compare and contrast glycogen metabolism in the liver during fasting to glycogen metabolism in the skeletal muscle during exercise. What is unique about muscle glycogen metabolism
Answer: Glycogen regulation takes place in both liver and skeletal muscle cells as the glycogen is stored here in significant amount.
In glycogen synthesis the most important regulatory enzyme is Glycogen Synthase wheres Glygogen Phosphorylase is glycogen degradation enzyme.
In the liver cells the positive allosteric modulator is glucose 6 phosphate whereas glycogen phosphorylase negative modulator are glucose 6 phosphate, ATP and glucose.
In the skeletal muscle cells the glycogen phosphorylase is negatively regulated glucose 6 phosphate, ATP and glucose in liver where as in skeletal muscle cell it is only glucose 6 phosphate and ATP(no glucose) which are negative modulator.
In skeletal muscle cell AMP is acting as positive modulator of glycogen phosphorylase.
All other regulation process is same for both liver and skeletal muscle cell but the uniqueness of skeletal muscle is that the glucagon do not act on skeletal muscle simply because glucagon skeletal muscle cell do not have glucagon receptors.
Compare and contrast glycogen metabolism in the liver during fasting to glycogen metabolism in the skeletal...
Which of the following statements about the metabolism of skeletal muscle in the fasting situation is correct? a. During fasting (12 hours), a general switch from glucose burning to glucose production is seen. b. During fasting (12 hours) a general shift from glucose burning to fatty acid combustion is seen. c. During fasting (12 hours) a general shift from fatty acid combustion to triglyceride combustion is seen. C d. During fasting (12 hours) a general shift from triglyceride combustion to...
Describe the glucagon and epinephrine effect on the glycogen metabolism in the liver and the muscle. -full points are awarded only when all the signaling transduction pathways are described in details for each hormonal regulation.
McCardle syndrome is due to a skeletal muscle deficiency of glycogen phosphorylase. Which of the following would be observed in such a patient with this syndrome? Skeletal muscle has high level of glycogen with no branches Fasting hypoglycemia Skeletal muscle has high level of glycogen with shorter than normal branches Skeletal muscle has abnormally low glycogen Skeletal muscle has high level of glycogen with normal structure
Based on your knowledge of cell signaling and interorgan metabolism, describe how the fuel metabolism of the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, heart and brain are affected in type I diabetics (assuming no insulin shot has been used) immediately after a meal and between meals. Include what pathways have been affected (glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, etc) and what the organ/tissue uses as a fuel source.
Question #8 (10 points) - During fasting, explain what happens for carbohydrate metabolism (glycogen synthesis/breakdown; glucose synthesis/breakdown/insulin & glucagon levels)
Beginning by drawing boxes that represent the following tissues: brain, liver, adipose, heart, and skeletal muscle. With the paper in a landscape orientation, place the liver in the center, the brain the upper left, adipose upper right, skeletal muscle lower left, and heart lower right. You will need to use contrasting colors of ink for this assignment (black and red, black and blue, blue and red, or green and red are recommended). One color will represent fed state and the...
You are fasting for an experiment in physiology lab and have not eaten since last night. Glucagon is stimulating a signal transduction pathway that results in CAMP. Describe the effects of this glucagon signaling via protein kinase A (PKA) on glycogen and fat metabolism in your liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose cells. What is the relationship between CAMP in your cells and the pseudosubstrate sequence of PKA? Note - It is not necessary to describe the glucagon signal transduction pathway...
3. During exercise, skeletal muscle also maintains a glucose supply through glycogen degradation. Determine the energetic cost of maintaining glucose to the muscle by this mechanism, taking into account the costs of storage and utilization. OPTIONS ARE: -6 -4 -2 0 +2 +4 +6 Pathway ATP generated ATP/GTP consumed Net ATP/GTP Glucose -> glycogen glycogen -> glucose Net ATP/GTP
Question 1 Liver cells and the skeletal muscle cells regulate glycogen in different ways. List their key differences. Not complete Answer: Marked out of 1.00 Check P Flag question How is Protein phosphatase 1 regulated by phosphorylation? What enzymes are involved, and what is the effect of phosphorylation on PP1? Question 2 Not complete Answer: Marked out of 1.00 Check Flag question Question 3 What reaction replenishes oxaloacetate? Name the enzyme and it's substrates. Not complete Answer: Marked out of...
When an individual is in a “fight-or-flight” situation, the release of epinephrine promotes glycogen breakdown in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. The end product of glycogen breakdown in the liver is glucose; the end product in skeletal muscle is pyruvate (because it is immediately used by glycolytic enzymes). What is the advantage of these specific glycogen breakdown routes in the liver (glucose as final product) and skeletal muscle cells (pyruvate as final product) for an individual that must fight...