Question

Please answer all the questions .each answer should at least have 4 sentence.

Part II

You’ve been taking the azithromycin for three days, but your throat is still on fire and now you are running a fever. You call the doctor. She says you likely have a resistant strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. She prescribes another antibiotic, Cefadroxil, which belongs to a class of antibiotics called cephalosporins.

1. Your friend wants to know how you became resistant to an antibiotic. What do you tell her?
   INSERT ANSWER
2. What is the cell structure target of cephalosporins? Explain how this leads to selective toxicity.
   INSERT ANSWER

Part III

After 24 hours of taking Cefadroxil, you start to feel better. Your fever is gone and your throat is feeling well enough to eat some actual food, instead of just yogurt and milkshakes. You ponder the problem of antibiotic resistance, and imagine what your life would be like without it.

1. How do you think your life would be different without effective antibiotics?
   INSERT ANSWER

Answer 1

Part II

I) Antibiotic resistance happens when the germs no longer respond to the antibiotics designed to kill them. That means the germs are not killed and continue to grow.

II) Cephalosporins disrupt synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Peptidoglycan is a strong structural molecule specific to the cells walls of bacteria. ... Our cells do not have cells walls or peptidoglycan, therefore, B-lactam antibiotics are able to target bacterial cells without harming human cells,they must be highly effective against the microbe but have minimal or no toxicity to humans. In practice, this is expressed by a drug's therapeutic index (TI) - the ratio of the toxic dose (to the patient) to the therapeutic dose (to eliminate the infection).

Part III

Without efficient antibiotics, common infections and minor injuries could become life-threatening and major surgeries and chemotherapy impossible because the treatments we have been using for years are no longer effective.

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