1. Ecology deals with the relationship between organisms and the physical environment they live.Comparision of ecology and plant pathogenic organisms helps in the better management of Plant diseases ( disease management is based on fundamental understanding of ecology & biology of pathogens).
The crop production includes surveillance, host resistance, use of biocides and other biocontrol agents which are based on genetic diversity, host range, habitat and mechanism of virulence of plant pathogens in turn controlled by biotic and abiotic factors.
#In context of global change, knowledge of ecology of plant pathogens will play important role in anticipation and response to diseases. Here, the global change includes climate change, changes in biodiversity & geographical distribution of biomes and even social economic adaptations. Thus, numerous aspects of plant pathogens (Bacterial and Fungal) interaction with their environment will change by which diseases will arise with increasingly varied models. The varied models include-
1. Increase of activity of old pathogens in a new context in which climate is favourable,
2. Change in geographical zones of pathogens with increased movement of plants,
3. Expansion of host range of pathogens as a result of genetic modifications (or) increase in susceptible plant variety,
4. New genetic lines of pathogens and novel pathogens due to genetic exchanges (or) hybridisation.
# This varied models can spread easily and can be resistance to wide range of pathogen control agents due to genomic changes and change in interactions with environment.
Section B (Plant Microbes) 1. Compare the ecology and spread of plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. (maximum...
95.Fungi form functional associations with which of the following? a. plant roots b. phototrophic microbes C. animals d. plant roots and phototrophic microbes
(Please no hand writing, thank you.) 1. List the characteristics about microbes ( Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoans, Helminths, Viruses ), and make sure include which organisms are decomposers. 2. Describe helpful applications of microbes. 3. How are bacteria classified or identified? 4. Explain Virulence factors and Virulence activity/ ability. Look up Haemophilus influenzae, provide an example of a virulence factor from this bacterium and the ability/activity of this factor.
What are two types of symbiotic relationships in plant roots? A. Bacteria in root hairs, fungi in root nodules B. Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in mycorrhizae C. Bacteria in mycorrhizae, fungi in root nodules D. Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in root hairs
1. Regarding the structure of bacteria cells: a) They always have a cell wall b) They are structurally the same as human cells c) They contain a distinct nucleus d) All of the above are correct 2. Cold sores and fever blisters are an example of a) A recurring bacterial infection b) A latent viral infection c) A nosocomial infection d) A fungal infection 3. Fungal infections: a) Are always a minor illness b) May present with pneumonia - like...
1) Campylobacter, E.coli 0157H7, and Salmonella are the most common A) viruses B) bacteria C) fungi D) prions that cause foodbomeness 2) The education program which keeps food safe from bacteria is called A) Four Score Now. B) Fight Bioterrorism. C) the Four Core D) Fight BAC absorption, it's best to include a vitamin C sources such as citrus fruitor tomatoes at every 3) To improve meal A) vitamin A B) calcium C) iron D) vitamin D 4) Obesity, a...
Q.1) The cross-section shown below of a simply supported beam is subjected to a maximum shear force of 20 kN. Determine the corresponding shearing stress at points a and b. Also determine the maximum shear stress in the cross- section and state its location 40 mm 4 mm 60 mm 14 mm 4 mm 20 mm 28 mm 20 mm
1. Bacteria such as E.coll and staph belong to which Domain? A. Animalia B. Eukarya C. Archaea D. Bacteria 2. In general terms, prokaryotic cells are cells that? A. Have a nucleus B. Do not have a nucleus. 3. Think about the name E. coli 4X56. In that name which refers to the serotype? A E B. coli C4X56 4. Which of the following best describes the type of bacteria that are important to ecology, and once were thought to...
1)Write brief notes on any two of the following: a) bryophytes b) ferns c) gymnosperms d) angiosperms 100 marks 2)What is a dichotomous key, and how can it be used in the study of plant diversity? 100 marks about 2 pages each question. thank you
SECTION B - SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [30 MARKS] Answer ALL questions from this Section. 1. Explain three (3) reasons why there is increased the use of technological tools for training delivery. (6 marks) 2. List two (2) advantages and disadvantages of using an Internal consultant in your organisation. (4 marks) 3. Explain the difference between Cognitivism and Behaviourism. Give one (1) example on how each theory can be applied by a coach/trainer (6 marks) 4. State two (2) similarities and...
SECTION B. ANSWER ANYY THREE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION (60 MARKS 1. (a) State any three characteristic of physicist. (6 marks) (b) Explain the merits of using SI units for measurement (4 marks) (c) State the three fundamental mechanical quantities (3 marks) (d) Copy and complete the Physical Quantity table below. (7 marks) Physical quantity Units Symbol Amount of substance ………. Mol Electric current ……….. A Length ………… M Mass …………. Kg Time Second ………. ………………… kelvin K Luminous intensity...