Question

Skeletal System

1. Introduction(Explain the system with the components)
2. Body(Explain how the system relates to achieve homeostasis in human body)
3. Conclusion( Choose any disease common in KSA and explain how and which part of the system is affected)
4. References (APA format

Answer 1

Skeletal System

Human skeletal system is a comprehensive association of bones that act as frame work for the body. It comprises of bones and cartilages along with tendons and ligaments. The human skeletal system can be subcategorized into axial and appendicular system(Tortora, 2016). The axial component comprises of skull, spine and vertebral column whereas, appendicular system comprises of bones of pectoral and pelvic girdle along with bones and cartilages of limbs(Zarek et al., 1965). The axial skeleton comprises of 80 bones comprising of bones of skull, spine and rib cage. Axial skeleton forms central structure of the skeleton which protects brain, spinal cord, lungs and heart. Appendicular skeleton comprises of 126 bones, and comprise of bones of shoulder, arms, shoulder and pelvic pectoral girdle. There are about 300 separate bones in infant during birth. By the age of 25 years, some of the bones fuse and 206 bones are left(DiGangi et al., 2012).

The skeletal system uphold homeostasis by acting as reservoir of minerals. Bones help body to walk and maintain posture. Bones are store house of minerals like calcium and phosphorus. This helps to regulate calcium levels in blood and brain. Bones are also production house for synthesis of blood corpuscles(Bouillon et al., 2014). Red blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets are biosynthesized in bones. Bones also help in locomotion. The integrity of vital organ system is maintained due to bony structure. Bones provide a definite shape to body. In association with muscles, bones provide seat for covering body by skin(Aguila et al., 2005).

Arthritis is bone disorder which adversely affects joints causing joint stiffness and joint pain leading to immobility and disability. Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disorder which affects functioning of fingers, knee and hips(Rossi et al., 2008). Treatment strategies include weight loss, use of medicines and joint replacement.   Use of non steroidal anti inflammatory agents, opioids, colchicines and corticoids are suggested for management of this painful inflammatory condition(Walker-Bone et al., 2000).

References

Aguila, H. L., & Rowe, D. W. (2005). Skeletal development, bone remodeling, and hematopoiesis. Immunological Reviews, 208(1), 7–18.

Bouillon, R., & Suda, T. (2014). Vitamin D: calcium and bone homeostasis during evolution. BoneKEy Reports, 3.

DiGangi, E. A., & Moore, M. K. (2012). Research methods in human skeletal biology. Academic Press.

Rossi, P., Marzani, B., Giardina, S., Negro, M., & Marzatico, F. (2008). Human skeletal muscle aging and the oxidative system: cellular events. Current Aging Science, 1(3), 182–191.

Tortora, G. J. (2016). Principles of Human Anatomy (14th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Walker-Bone, K., Javaid, K., Arden, N., & Cooper, C. (2000). Medical management of osteoarthritis. British Medical Journal, 321(7266), 936–940.

Zarek, J. M., & Edwards, J. (1965). Dynamic considerations of the human skeletal system. In Biomechanics and related bio-engineering topics (pp. 187–203). Elsevier.