Question

1. Identify the structure of amino acids, and describe the process by which they join together to form polypeptides.
2. Describe the 4 different groups of amino acids and their properties (Neutral, Polar, Acidic, Basic).
3. Describe the levels of structure of proteins (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary), including what bonds and interactions occur at EACH level.
4. Describe denaturation of a protein and indicate how temperature and pH affect the protein functions.
5. Describe the major functions of proteins

Answer 1

Amino acids are biomicromolecules which combined to form proteins which are the polymer of amino acids. Proteins are biomacromolecules.

Amino acids contain a central carbon atom 2 with four different groups are attached. This group are, one amino group, one carboxyl group, one hydrogen atom and a variable R group. There are 21 different types of essential amino acid in human being. The variable group is different and all the 21 amino acids.

Amino acids are joined together by the process of translation. Adjacent amino acids are connected to each other by peptide Bond. Formation of a peptide bond is dehydration synthesis because it involves loss of water molecule. Translation take place in cytoplasm of all the organisms. The peptide Bond formation in translation is catalysed by peptidyl synthase enzyme which is a ribozyme. Messenger RNA carries the codon and transfer RNA carries the anti codon. These two are complementary to each other. Their base pairing add one amino acid in the peptide chain.

Amino acids are classified into 4 groups on the basis of the nature of variable group -

Neutral amino acids are those which do not have any charge on them. They can be aliphatic in nature which do not have a benzene ring and aromatic which have a benzene ring.

Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, methionine, isoleucine are aliphatic neutral amino acids.

Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan are aromatic neutral amino acids.

Acidic amino acids have a negative charge on them because they have an extra carboxyl group.

Aspartic acid and glutamic acid are negatively charged acidic amino acids.

Basic amino acids have a positive charge on them because they have an extra amino group.

Lysine, arginine, histidine are positively charged basic amino acids.

Polar amino acids are those which are soluble in water because of their ability to form hydrogen bond.

Serine, threonine, cysteine, proline, asparagine, glutamine are polar amino acids.

This is the answer to first two questions. Please rate.