Question

what ate the mechanisms that pseudomonas aeruginosa utilize to cause disease on skin and in the eyes

Answer 1

Skin

When this bacterium infects the skin, it most often affects the hair follicles. This is called folliculitis. Symptoms may include:

• redness of the skin
• abscess formation in the skin
• draining wounds

Eye

Symptoms of an eye infection may include:

• inflammation
• pus
• pain
• swelling
• redness
• impaired vision

infection to skin :skin pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, aerobic bacillus that is commonly found in water and soil as well as on human skin. P. aeruginosa is a common cause of opportunistic infections of wounds and burns. It can also cause hot tub rash, a condition characterized by folliculitis that frequently afflicts users of pools and hot tubs ,Wounds infected with P. aeruginosa have a distinctive odor resembling grape soda or fresh corn tortillas. This odor is caused by the 2-aminoacetophenone that is used by P. aeruginosa in quorum sensing and contributes to its pathogenicity. Wounds infected with certain strains of P. aeruginosa also produce a blue-green pus due to the pigments pyocyanin and pyoverdin, which also contribute to its virulence. Pyocyanin and pyoverdin are siderophores that help P. aeruginosa survive in low-iron environments P. aeruginosa usually attaches to the surface of the cutaneous epithelium and forms biofilms. Bacteria are also able to invade the tissue more deeply, where they have been observed in clusters, embedded in the extracellular matrix, or internalized in keratinocytes. Using a three-dimensional model of reconstituted human epidermis, However, flagellum plays a critical role in whole epidermis tissue invasion (including the stratum basale) as well as cytokine/chemokine induction, through the toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), after keratinocyte infection.Their in vivo data using a model of P. aeruginosa subcutaneous infection also suggested a key role of flagellum in the cutaneous persistence of P. aeruginosa . Once established, it is almost impossible to eradicate P. aeruginosa with antibiotics in chronic wounds, which characteristically have a significantly greater area, and display delayed healing as well as persistent and uncontrolled inflammation.

Infection To eye: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the cornea are a major cause of blindness and visual impairment. Ocular trauma or surgery, pre-existing corneal abnormalities and contact lens wear are the major causes of keratitis. Moreover, P. aeruginosa is the most common pathogen isolated from cultures of corneal scrapings. Without an efficient antibiotic treatment and an adequate control of the host inflammatory response, corneal tissue destruction can happen, favoring corneal ulcers, often leading to corneal scarring and reduced visual acuity, and potentially to enucleation Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the cornea are a major cause of blindness and visual impairment. Ocular trauma or surgery, pre-existing corneal abnormalities and contact lens wear are the major causes of keratitis. Moreover, P. aeruginosa is the most common pathogen isolated from cultures of corneal. Without an efficient antibiotic treatment and an adequate control of the host inflammatory response, corneal tissue destruction can happen, favoring corneal ulcers, often leading to corneal scarring and reduced visual acuity, and potentially to enucleation

From previous studies, using experimental infections in cellular or animal models or in patients wearing corneal lens, it has been established that P. aeruginosa is able to bind and invade corneal epithelial cells . Wounded corneal epithelia, and especially migrating cells, appear to be more susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection than intact epithelia .pseudomonas aeruginosa can either penetrate the multilayered corneal epithelium or invade the corneal stroma through the injured corneal epithelium, contributing to the loss of corneal transparency and the development of corneal opacification