Question

How soon a nurse needs to check on a patient receiving parenteral pain medication? Chapter 2: What are common signs and symptoms of allergic reactions and what are nursing actions? What are peak and trough and what are they measured for? What is drug compatibility? What diseases affect metabolism? What is the fastest absorption route? What is a teratogen? What medications can be broken in half (scored pill, capsule, enteric coated)? What is placebo effect? Why elderly are at increased risk for drug interactions? What is the common drug excretion route? Chapter 12: What are the receptors of autonomic nervous system? What are anticholinergic side effects? What is patient teaching for a patient using anticholinergic medication? Chapter 13: What sedatives are used for? What hypnotics are used for? Chapter 15: What anxiolytics are used for? Chapter 18: What are the therapeutic outcomes for antiepileptic medications? What is patient teaching for someone on Dilantin? Chapter 19: When is it appropriate to administer opiate agonist such as morphine? What are serious side effects of opioid agonists and what are appropriate nursing actions?

Answer 1

Chapter 2 Answers-

1. Common signs and symptoms of allergies reactions are redness, itching, swelling, rash, sneezing, headache, nausea, vometting and diarrhea.

Nursing actions includes , before giving foreign serum or other type of antigenic agent, ask patient whether he had it before. Another example is to ask patient about allergies to medications, foods in past.

2. Peak level is highest concentration of drug in patients blood stream. And trough level is lowest concentration of drug in patients blood stream. To evaluate the dosage of drug it is necessary to measure the peak and trough level.

3. Drug compatibility is to measure how stable is a substance or drug when mixed with another drug.

4.Diseases like diabetes, malnutrition, and hypothyroidism affects metabolism.

5. Injection straight into systemic circulation is fastest route of absorption.when rapid effect is required it is used.

6. Teratogen is substance or agent which causes birth defects or which prevents normal development of fetus.

7. Scored pills are broken into half as it has score line to break into equal halves.

8. Placebo effect is effect produced by Placebo drug or treatment. Placebo is substance or treatment of no intended therapeutic value.

9. The elderly patients are suspected to drug interactions due to increased age which causes physiologic changes in body , increases risk for disease associated with aging and the consequent increase in medication use.

10. Many drugs are excreted through bile via liver. Renal excretion is the most common route of drug excretion.

Chapter 12 Answers-

1. Alpha, beta 1 and beta 2 are receptors of automatic nervous system. Alpha receptors are located on arteries and is stimulated by epinephrine.

Beta 1 receptors are located in heart. And are stimulated they increases heart rate and heart strength.

Beta 2 receptors are located in branchioles of lungs and arteries of skeletal muscle and are stimulated they increases the diameter of branchioles to let more air in and out during breathing.

2. Anticholinergic side effects are dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, urinary retention, dry mouth, constipation.

Chapter 13 Answers-

1. Sedative drugs are used to treat sleep problems, for treating anxiety.

2. Hypnotics are sleep medications used to treat different types of insomnia.

Chapter 15 Answer-

1. Anxiolytics are used to treat anxiety.