Question

maranancuy CONCEPT REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER Related Content Underlying Principles Nursing Interventions WHO? WHEN? WHY? HOW? (E.G., DELEGATION LEVELS OF PREVENTION, ADVANCE DIRECTIVES)

In relation to Skin Cancer.

Answer 1

Answer :

Skin cancer : prevention of skin cancer is of particular significance ,as its incidence has risen dramatically in recent decades .

Levels of prevention :

Primary prevention : identification and specific protection( measures to protect the health from risks )

Secondary prevention : early detection and prompt treatment (measures to detect and treat diseases at an early stage )

Tertiary prevention : rehabilitation and disability limitation (measures to prevent reoccurence of disease and subsequent damage).

Primary prevention of skin cancer :

• Regular Use of UV protection creams
• Avoidance of UV exposure from 11 to 16 o clock .
• Staying in shade.
• Wearing UV protective clothing .
• Avoidance of tanning parlors .
• Covering of exposed skin to U V rays
• Avoidance of sun exposure .
• Avoidance of risky behaviours of people .
• Avoidance of risky work which influence of skin cancer

Secondary prevention of skin cancer :

• Screening of skin cancer for risk groups.
• Treating the skin cancer in early stages .
• Prompt treatment for skin cancer
• Using advance technology to detect early stages .
• Complete treatment by chemo ,surgical intervention to prevent firther damage to patient.

Tertiary prevention :

• Tertiary prevention is composed of follow ups of prior skin cancer with aim of an early detection of possible recurrence .
• In guidelines of on melanoma ,SCC and BCC recommendations on follow up were formulated by DDG in co operation with the working group of dermatological oncology .
• Regular follow ups examination that include clinical examination as well as variable technical and laboratory diagnostics are recommended .
• The duration of follow ups varies from 3 years after the occurence of BCC up to 10 years is recommended.

Guiding principles :

• Accurate diagnosis and staging of cancer .
• Evidence of treatment effectiveness can also be cosidered
• Identify supportive care
• Target problems and facilitate communication in clinical practice .

Who at risk :

Average risk : medium / dark colour and no other risk factors

What should be done : primary preventive advice 3,B.

How often : opportunistically 60.

Increased risk : family history of melanoma in first degree relative and fair complexion a tendency to burn rather than , the presence of freckes ,high naevus count ,light eye color ,precence of actinic damage , past history of non melanocyttic skin cancer ,people with child hood high levels of UV exposure .

What should be done : primary preventive advice and examination of skin 3,B.

How often?: opportunistically 60,65.

High risk : previous history of melanoma ,greater than a tupical dusplastic naevi RR=6)

What should be done : preventive advice ,examination of skin ,advice self examination(3,c)

How often : every 6- 12 months , frequency of follow ups examinations for people who have had melanoma is based on disease stage 66- 64.