Briefly define each of the following: figure–ground relationship, principle of continuity, principle of proximity, principle of similarity, principle of inclusiveness, and principle of closure.
Figure-ground relationship: Edgar Rubin was a Danish psychologist and he argued that perceptual field can be divided into two parts. One is the figure that is flawless, unified, and the main point of attention and second is the ground which is scattered and comprises of all the things that does not have attention to. This division into two parts is known as figure-ground relationship.
Principle of continuity: Gestaltists defined the principles through which the composition of perceptions are organized and managed. An example of this is the stimuli which have constancy with other will work as perceptual unit. Wertheimer defined a term for this which was in German that means zusammenhangen which means good continuation, imminent necessity, and togetherness. This principle is known a principle of continuity.
Principle of proximity: When numerous stimuli are adjacent to each other then they assembled and work together as a perceptual unit which is known as principle of proximity.
Principle of similarity: There are some similar objects which are same in one way or another that form a perceptual unit. This is known as principle of similarity.
Principle of closure: There are some incomplete figures in the real world that are perceived as complete figures. This is known as principle of closure.
Principle of inclusiveness: There is a tendency of people that they look for larger figures even when the smaller figures are embedded in it.