(2)
F1
A/a; B/b X A/a; B/b
F2
9 A/-; B/- orange
3 A/-; b/b yellow
3 a/a; B/- yellow
1 a/a; b/b yellow
A testcross of F1 would be A/a; B/b X a/a; b/b producing the following offspring ratio.
1/4 A/a; B/b orange
1/4 a/a; B/b yellow
1/4 A/a; b/b yellow
1/4 a/a; b/b yellow
(3)
F1
A/-; B/b X A/a; B/b
F2
9 A/-; B/- black
3 A/-; b/b white
3 a/a; B/- black
1 a/a; b/b black
A testcross of F1 would be A/a; B/b X a/a; b/b producing the following offspring ratio.
1/4 A/a; B/b black
1/4 a/a; B/b black
1/4 A/a; b/b white
1/4 a/a; b/b black
(4)
F1
A/a; B/b X A/a; B/b
F2
9 A/-; B/- solid red
3 A/-; b/b mottled red
3 a/a; B/- small red dots
1 a/a; b/b small red dots
A testcross of F1 would be A/a; B/b X a/a; b/b producing the following offspring ratio.
1/4 A/a; B/b solid red
1/4 a/a; B/b small red dots
1/4 A/a; b/b mottled red
1/4 a/a; b/b small red dots