Give examples of how logic was used to defend Parmenides’ belief that change and motion were illusions.
Parmenides believed that all major change was considered to be an illusion. There is only one reality about the change is that it is fixed, finite, uniform, motionless and can be understood only by some specific reason. Thus, knowledge is attained by the rational thoughts that provide sensory experience after the illusion process.
Parmenides supports his belief of position with the task of logic. Like the earlier humans, he believed that for speaking and thinking process, it should rely on the condition of existence (reification) by thinking something that does not exist in the nature.
Parmenides disciple, Zeno of Elea, demonstrates logical interpretations to justify that motion was an illusion. Consider an archer firing at a target that going for an arrow to point A from the bow to the target of point B, it must essentially go half between A and B distance. Then, it also must go half the remaining distance, then again half of that distance and so on that never reaches the target by adopting halfable distance in remaining position.
Therefore, it is quite impossible for the arrow to reach to the target distance. This fact highlights the weakness of senses known as Zeno’s paradox that can be expressed in several different parables.