In each of the following questions and problems, rather than just drawing a box around you...

In each of the following questions and problems, rather than just drawing a box around your answer, write a sentence or two describing how you solved the problem, the assumptions you made, the reasonableness of your answer, what you learned, and any other facts that you want to include.

You may wish to refer to W. Strunk and E. B. White, The Elements of Style, 4th eel. (New York: Macmillan, 2000) and Joseph M. Williams, Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity&Grace, 6th eel. (Glenview, 111.: Scott, Foresman, 1999) to enhance the quality of your sentences.

See the Preface for additional generic parts (x), (y), (z) to the home problems.

(a) Example 7–1. How would the results change if the concentration of CS2 and M were increased?

(b) Example 7–2. Over what range of time is the PSSH not valid? Load the Living Example Problem. Vary the temperature (800

(c) Example 7–3. (1) The following additional runs were carried out when an inhibitor was present.

What type of inhibition is taking place? (2) Sketch the curves for no inhibition, competitive, uncompetitive, noncompetitive (mixed) inhibition, and substrate inhibition on a Woolf-Hanes plot and on an Eadie-Hofstee plot.

(d) Example 7–4. (1) What would the conversion be after 10 minutes if the initial concentration of urea were decreased by a factor of 100? (2) What would be the conversion in a CSTR with the same residence time, x, as the batch reactor? (3) A PFR?

(e) Example 7–5. What is the total mass of substrate consumed in grains per mass of cells plus what is consumed to form product? Is there disparity here?

(f) Example 7–6. Load the Living Example Problem. (1) Modify the code to carry out the fermentation in a fed-batch (e.g., semibatch) reactor in which the substrate is fed at a rate of 0.5 dm3/h and a concentration of 5 g/dm3 to an initial liquid volume of 1.0 dm3 containing a cell mass with an initial concentration of Cci = 0.2 mg/dm3 and an initial substrate concentration of Cci - 0.5 mg/dm3. Plot the concentration of cells, substrate, and product as a function of time along with the mass of product up to 24 hours. (2) Repeat (1) when the growth is uncompetitively inhibited by the substrate with K1= 0.7 g/dm3. (3) Set C+P = 10,000 g/dm3, and compare your results with the base case.

(g) Example 7–7. This problem is a gold mine for things to be learned about the effect of alcohol on the human body. Load the Polymath Living Example Program from the CD-ROM. (1) Start by varying the initial doses of alcohol. (2) Next consider individuals who are ALDH enzyme deficient, which includes about 40% to 50% of Asians and Native Americans. Set Vmax for acetaldehydes between 10% and 50% of its normal value and compare the concentration-time trajectories with the base cases. Hint: Read the journal article in the Summary Notes [Alcohol 35, pl (2005)]

(h) Load the Ozone Polymath Living Example Program from the CD-ROM. Vary the halogen concentrations and describe what you find. Where does PSSH break down? Vary the rate constants and other species concentrations.

(i) Load the Glowsticks Living Example Problem from the CD-ROM. Vary the rate constants to learn how you can make the luminescence last longer. Last shorter.

(j) Load the Russell’s Viper Polymath Living Example Program from the CD-ROM. Describe what would happen if the victim received more than one bite. In the cobra problem in Chapter 6 we saw that after 10 bites, no amount of antivenom would save the victim. What would happen if a victim received 10 bites from a Russell’s viper? Replot the concentration-time trajectories for venom, FDP, and other appropriate species. Next, inject different amounts of antivenom to learn if it is possible to negate 10 bites by the viper. What is the number of bites by which no amount of antivenom will save the victim?

(k) Load the Fer-de-Lance Polymath Living Example Program from the CD-ROM. Repeat 7-l(j) for the Fer-de-Lance.

(I) Load the Receptor Endocytosis Living Example Problem from the CD-ROM. Vary krec, fR, and fL over the ranges in Table R7.31. Describe what you find. When will acute renal failure occur?

(m) List ways you can work this problem incorrectly.

(n) How could you make this problem more difficult?