Sketch a preliminary process flow diagram for a split-treatment lime-soda ash water treatment plant to soften a design flow of 60 mgd. Use six equal-sized flocculator-clarifiers (Figure 10.10). The first-stage flow for excess-lime treatment is expected to be 110 greater than 50% of the raw water. Use eight gravity dual-media coal-sand filters with traditional flow control using rate-of-flow controllers (Figure 10.22). The preferred backwashing system is air scouring prior to water backwash. The clear-well capacity is 6.0 mil gal. The raw water has a hardness of approximately 230 mg/l, iron in the range of 0.2-0.3 mg/l, and a less than optimum concentration of fluoride. On the flow diagram, show the chemicals being added and their points of application. Sketch a cross-sectional view of the filter box showing the wash-water troughs, filler media, and underdrain system. List the design criteria for sizing the flocculator-clarifiers and filters.
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