Sketch a preliminary process flow diagram for a water treatment plant to clarify and disinfect a turbid surface water at a design flow of 50 mgd. Use two identical, parallel, and separate processing lines with rapid mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and clear-well storage. The flocculation and sedimentation processes for each line are in the same large rectangular concrete tank with paddle flocculators in baffled compartments ahead of the sedimentation section, and effluent “finger” channels extending into the tank from the outlet end (Figures 10.6 and 10.8a). For each line, use four gravity dual-media coal-sand filters with deep filter boxes to prevent “air binding” and flow control by influent flow splitting for constant-rate filtration (Figure 10.24). The preferred filter bottom is the plastic dual-lateral block underdrain illustrated in Figure 10.20.
On the flow diagram, show the chemicals to be added with alternate points of application. The raw water has a turbidity ranging from 10 to 40 NTU, and in the spring the water contains natural organic matter that creates bad taste and odor and forms trihalomethanes with prechlorination. The fluoride concentration is less than optimum. The treatment plant must meet the EPA rule for surface water disinfection as discussed in .Section 11.28. Sketch a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the flocculation-sedimentation tank. List the design criteria for sizing the flocculation section and specifying paddle flocculators, sizing the sedimentation section and effluent channels, and sizing the fillers. Sketch a plan view of the clear well to ensure compliance with the EPA disinfection rule.
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