Problem

Sketch a meq/1 bar graph of the water described in Problem after it is softened to zero ha...

Sketch a meq/1 bar graph of the water described in Problem after it is softened to zero hardness by cation exchange softening.

Problem:

The water defined by the analysis given below is to be softened by excess-lime treatment,

(a) Sketch an t meq/l bar graph,


(b) Calculate the softening chemicals required,


(c) Draw a bar graph for the softened water after recarbonation and filtration, assuming that 80% of the alkalinity is in the bicarbonate form.

CO2 = 8.8 mg/l

Alk(HCO3-) = 135 mg/l

Ca2+ = 40.0 mg/l

SO42- = 29.0 mg/l

Mg2+ =14.7 mg/l

Cl- = 17.8 mg/l

Na+ =13.7 mg/l

 

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