Problem

A water softener is used to treat well water that has a total hardness of 450 mg · L−1. Th...

A water softener is used to treat well water that has a total hardness of 450 mg · L1. The design flow rate is 4.2 m3 · s with a total hardness of 125 mg · L1. According to the manufacturer, the ion exchange resin used in the water softener has a leakage of 1.5% (which means that the effluent concentration from the softener is 1.5% of the influent concentration). What is the required flow rate through the softener to achieve the desired hardness?

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