Prepare a bar chart of the water described in Problem 10–4. Because all of the constituents were not analyzed, an ion balance is not achieved.
The following mineral analysis was reported for Michigan State University well water (Michigan Department Environmental Quality, 1979). Determine the total, carbonate, and noncarbonate hardness (in mg · L−1 as CaCO3).
(Note: All units are mg · L−1 as the ion unless otherwise stated.)
Mineral | Concentration | Mineral | Concentration |
Fluoride | 1.1 | Silica (SiO2) | 13.4 |
Chloride | 4.0 | Bicarbonate | 318.0 |
Nitrate | 0.0 | Sulfate | 52.0 |
Sodium | 14.0 | Iron | 0.5 |
Potassium | 1.6 | Manganese | 0.07 |
Calcium | 96.8 | Zinc | 0.27 |
Magnesium | 30.4 | Barium | 0.2 |
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