Question

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Q1: Discuss the etiology and pathophysiology of hypertension.
Q2: Define arrhythmia. Discuss the etiology and pathophysiology of i) bradycardia, ii) tachycardia.

Answer 1

Hypertension: it is also called as high blood pressure where the pressure of blood on arterial wall is high.

Etiology: Sevaral factors are the cause of hypertension.

Genetics, environmental factors, age ,Lack of physical activity, obese ,stress, eating too much salt in the diet, blood plasma volume,smoking, alcohol are the causes of hypertension.

Pathophysiology : Hypertension is classified​ by promapr and secondary causes.Primary cause include of consumption of sodum and under-consumption of Potassium.Where as secondary hypertension is due to conditions such as excess cortisol, aldosterone,narrowing of kidney arteries,endocrine disorders,excess activation of sympathetic nervous system.