Question

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste), Please Use your keyboard (Don't use handwriting) Thank you..

Q1: Write the etiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis and precautions for Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

Q2: Write difference between bacterial and viral meningitis.

Answer 1

Answers:

1. CHEDIAK'S - HIGASHI SYNDROME

☆ Etiology

It is a autosomal recessive disorder responsible by LYST gene and this abnormal gene affect the movement of protein within the cells.The protein transmission from one cell to another becomes misdirected. It will leads to reduced phagocytosis and it ultimately results in recurrent infections.

☆Clinical presentation

The symptoms appear in early childhood period which includes,

*Light brown with silvery tint hair

*Photosensitivity

*Involuntary and rapid eye movements

* Granules present in white blood cells

*Recurrent bacterial, viral and fungal infection

*Coagulation dysfunction

*Progressive neurological dysfunction

☆ Pathogenesis

LYST gene interrupt the protein synthesis

⬇️

It affects the function and storage of lysosomal granules of leukocytes, platelets, melanocytes, fibroblasts, neutrophils.

⬇️

This will result in non functional lysosomes and enlarged vesicles

⬇️

Decrease in neutrophils count results in neutropenia and delayed phagolysosomal fusion

⬇️

Impaired bactericidal function and impairment in platelet aggregation

⬇️

   Recurrent infections and bleeding disorders.

☆Precautions

*Prenatal testing

*Newborn Screening test

*Cytogenetic studies of both parents

*Presymptomatic and predictive genetic test.

Q2:

Viral meningitis Bacterial meningitis Infection caused by viruses Infection caused by bacteria Less serious and can be cured with proper treatment Extremely serious and cannot be cured if treatment is not provided at the right time which leads to brain damage, hearing loss etc. No specific treatment for viral meningitis. Antibiotics are preferred in treating bacterial meningitis No vaccines that can protect against this kind of meningitis. Vaccination is provided to protect children from the illness. Transmission by contact is rare Contagious disease