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Q1: Describe the etiology, pathology and clinical manifestation of Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Q2: Define stroke. Discuss the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.

Answer 1

1. Iron deficiency anemia:

Etiology: Iron deficiency anemia is caused due to lack of iron in the body. The deficiency of iron may be caused due to inadequate iron intake, or increased loss of iron from the body.

Pathology: Iron is important for the formation of hemoglobin in the blood. The decrease in iron in the blood may result from blood loss, impaired absorption, increased demand or decreases intake, or menstrual losses and pregnancy.

Clinical manifestation: Fatigue, weakness, fast heartbeat, headache, cold hand and feet, soreness of tongue, short of breath, loss of appetite.

2. Stroke: is a state of disease that affects the blood vessels mainly arteries of brain that occurs when oxygen and nutrients are inadequately reach to the brain due to either blockage of blood vessel by a clot or rupture.

Ischemic stroke: It is the most common type of stroke that is caused by a blood clot which can blocks blood vessel in the brain and alter the adequate flow of blood to the brain and result in loss of neurologic functions.

Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by rupture of unhealthy or weakened blood vessels and resulting in hemorrhage that surrounds the brain tissues.