Question

Please answer the following questions thoroughly:

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Q1: Describe the etiology, pathology and clinical manifestation of Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Answer 1

#. Iron deficiency Anemia :-

Decreased total iron body content, leading to diminished erythropoiesis

Produces smaller (microcytic) cells with less color on staining (hypochromia)

#. Overview-Pathophysiology

An inadequate supply of iron or increased demand for iron (or a combination) leads to depletion of body stores of iron, including plasma iron.

Transferrin, which binds with and transports iron, also decreases.

Initially iron stores are depleted, followed by depletion of iron available for hemoglobin synthesis.

A near-normal number of red blood cells (RBCs) are produced but these cells have abnormal hemoglobin synthesis.

A depleted RBC mass and a decreased hemoglobin (Hb) concentration occur.

These decreases result in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. (See Iron absorption and storage.)

#. Etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia :-

-Body does not have enough iron to create hemoglobin

-Chronic blood loss in the body

-Lack of iron in the diet

-Inability to absorb iron into the body through small intestine

-Pregnancy

#. S/S of Iron deficiency Anemia :-

-Pale

-Extreme fatigue

_weakness/ shortness of breath

-Chest pain

-frequent infections

-cold hands and feet

-inflammation/ soreness of tongue

-brittle nails/ pica (spoon shaped nails)

-Unusual cravings like for dirt and paint or ice

-Tingling or crawling in legs

-poor appetite

#. Diagnostic Testing for Iron deficient anemia :-

-RBCs for cell size and color

-Hematocrit (% of blood volume that is RBCs)

-Hemoglobin (lower #s = anemia)

-Ferritin (protein that helps store iron in body)

-Endoscopy (see if there is unusual bleeding in esophagus or stomach)

-Colonoscopy ( check for bleeding in colon)

-Ultrasound

#. Treatment for Iron Def. anemia:-

-iron supplementation taken w/ vit. c for better absorption

-stool softener for constipation due to iron supps.