Diagnosis - Dry heat injuries
These are the environment injuries sustained when exposed to extreme heat. These injuries may occur even with proper planning and equipment. It is important that you recognize the symptoms and be able to take the proper actions to help a heat casualty.
#. Risk factors include :-
- Age
- Exercising in hot wheather
- Lack of air conditioning
- Certain medications
- Certain health conditions
#. Heat injuries can be divided into 3 categories :-
Heat Cramps, Heat exhaustion, and Heat stroke.
Heat cramps - Muscles begin to cramp when there is an imbalance of chemicals (Called electrolytes) in the body due to excessive sweating.
Symptoms for heat cramps are :-
Muscle cramps, usually in the arms, legs or abdomen
Treatment for heat cramps
(a) Move to a shady area or improvised shade.
(b) Loosen the clothing.
(c) Slowly drink at least one canteen of water or sports drink. If salt is available add up to ¼ teaspoon salt if available.
(d) Seek medical aid should cramps continue and complete the Casualty Response Card.
Heat exhaustion - loss of water through sweating without adequate fluid replacement.
Symptoms for heat exhaustion are :-
(a) Weakness or extreme fatigue
(b) Headache, Dizziness, confusion, or nausea
(c) Wet clammy/cool skin
(d) Unsteady while standing
Treatment for heat exhaustion are :-
(a) Move to a cooler location, shady area or improvise shade.
(b) Loosen or remove clothing and boots (unless in a chemical environment).
(c) Pour water on the head and upper body and fan
(d) Slowly drink athletic drinks diluted to half strength or fluids with sodium/salt content.
(e) Monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone. If the symptoms persist, seek medical aid and complete the Casualty Response Card.
Heat stroke - the most emergent and life threatening form of heat illness. It is caused when the body can no longer cool itself and body's temperature begins to rise. Immediate action is required.
Symptoms for a heat stroke are
(a) The casualty's skin is hot, red and dry.
(b) The person experiences dizziness and confusion.
(c) Headaches and seizures are possible.
(d) Nausea is a common sign.
(e) Respiration and pulse may be fast but weak.
(f) Unconsciousness or combativeness.
Treatment of Heat Stroke
1. Move the victim to a cool, shady area, or improvise shade.
2. Loosen the victim's clothing. Remove any outer garments and protective clothing.
3. Pour water on the victim or immerse in water, and fan the victim so sweat can evaporate. If you cannot immerse the victim, massage arms and legs with cool water.
4. If the victim is conscious, have him or her slowly drink at least one quart of water.
5. Seek medical aid and transport the victim to a medical facility as soon as possible. Perform any necessary life-saving measures.
#. Diagnostic methods :-
- blood test
- urine test
- muscle function test
- X-ray imaging
#. Complications :-
Hyperthermia , Vital organ damage, death
#. Preventions methods and client education : -
Wear loose- light colored clothes, wear sunscreen, drink a lot of water, don't leave children in the car, take it easy during hottest parts of the day, take extra precautions with certain medications.
#. Nursing care :-
- Monitor the environmental temperature , humidity and air movement
- Monitor body temperature at regular intervals
- Provide clothing and bed covers suitable for the environment
- Promote adequate fluid and food intake
- Monitor activity level in accordance with environmental temperature
lymphatic speed pom other par System Disorder STUDENT NAME DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS Dry heat injuries REVIEW MODULE...
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