Question

What is the relationship between the fields of taxonomy, systematics, and cladistics?

Answer 1

Answer:

Taxonomy: It is nothing but naming the things in such a way that reflects their classification.

Phylogeny: It is the tree of life; by which we relate each taxon to every other taxa or every other life-form.

Systematics: It is the classification of living beings with respect to their phylogeny.

In order to reveal the exact evolutionary origin of any organism and it is predominantly based on characteristic traits present in that particular organism of phylogeny associated with taxonomical features and systematics.

Synapomorphies: A common typical feature shared by all of the organisms in a particular clade from monophyly to paraphyletic. Clades possess a particular organism and associated its descendents. Synapomorphies are traits considerably crucial and shared by a collection of organisms in a biome. These Synapomorphies enable in constructing a good phylogenetic cladogram either monophyletic or paraphyletic as a Synapomorphies are mentioned under the organism name in a particular cladogram in order to represent potentially all of the above species sharing a common trait.  

Cladistics advantages: These studies are predominantly useful in revealing the evolutionary systematic such as the degree of intuitive relationship of the each species with their ancestors based on reproducibility. It can be done via branching process of the evolutionary descendents in relation to monophyletic clades

Disadvantage: cladistics are specific to the homologous characteristics of the species in relation to their evolutionary ancestral features such as pleiomorphy and apomorphy. This system is only pertaining to parallel and convergent evolutionary relationships. It cannot produce a hypothesis.

Phylogeny: Advantages: This system is completely based on the taxanomical relationships with which identifying the shared features of progeny and to the ancestors. Taxonomical classifications built by Linnanous are completely based on the evolutionary shared phylogenetic characteristics. Locomotion, survival, habitat, ecosystem are the main components in deriving the particular phylogeny.

Disadvantages: Convergent morphological features and inheritance methods are different; Spotty fossils records with less available resources and evidences.