What is a Pattern Recognition receptor (PRR)? What is a Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP)? On...
What is a Pattern Recognition receptor (PRR)? What is a Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP)? On what cells are they found on?
Homework Answers
PRR (Pathogen recognition receptors) are receptors on the immune cells that bind to various PAMPs. PRRs can be present in the cytoplasm, on cell surface or secreted extracellularly by immune cells of innate immunity. PRR acts as opsonizers that promotes phagocytosis, helps in secretion of cytokines, interferons, activate complement proteins and can also induce apoptosis.
PAMP (pathogen associated molecular patterns) are essential components required for survival of a pathogen inside a host. PAMP are components on flagella, nucleic acids, ecll membrane of certain pathogens. The immune response created in response to these PAMP of pathogens help in their elimination. The immune cells have receptors i.e. PRR (Pathogen recognition receptors) for these PAMP. Examples of PAMP - peptidoglycan, LPS, lipoproteins, lipothechoic acids
PRR are found in cells of innate immunity like macrophages. PAMP are found in viruses and bacteria.
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What is a Pattern Recognition receptor (PRR)? What is a Pathogen
associated molecular patterns (PAMP)? On...
How’s Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) associated with coronaviruses? what Pattern Recognition Receptor(s) (PRR) likely recognizes...
How’s Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) associated with coronaviruses? what Pattern Recognition Receptor(s) (PRR) likely recognizes the PAMP?
QUESTION 32 Which process involves the recognition of microbial molecules called pathogen-associated molecular pattern, such as...
QUESTION 32 Which process involves the recognition of microbial molecules called pathogen-associated molecular pattern, such as LPS, lipoteichoic acids, peptidoglycan fragments, the sugar mannose, and flagellin, molecules not normally associated with human cells by means of endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on the surface of phagocytes? Enhanced attachment of microbes to phagocytes (opsonization). The role of LPS in bacterial pathogenicity. How bacteria commonly resist phagocytosis. Unenhanced attachment of microbes to phagocytes.
Pattern recognition receptors(PCRs) are important to activate innate immune responses. Stimulation of this receptor, such as...
Pattern recognition receptors(PCRs) are important to activate innate immune responses. Stimulation of this receptor, such as toll-like receptor induces: A. The synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes B. Inactivation of NFkB pathway C. The recruitment of phagocytic cells to the site of infection D. The activation of complement
QUESTION 36 How do capsules enable certain bacteria to resist unenhanced attachment to phagocytes? The capsules...
QUESTION 36 How do capsules enable certain bacteria to resist unenhanced attachment to phagocytes? The capsules allow bacteria to form a biofilms on phagocytic cells enabling colonization of the phagocyte. The capsules prevent antibody molecules like IgG from attaching bacteria to antibody receptors on phagocytic cells. The capsules are able to directly kill phagocytic cells. The capsules cover up pathogen-associated molecular patterns so they can not bind to endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on phagocytic cells.
Phagocytosis of aged, damaged, or otherwise unwanted cells makes use of PRRs that recognize: Damage-associated...
Phagocytosis of aged, damaged, or otherwise unwanted cells makes use of PRRs that recognize: Damage-associated molecular patterns Pathogen-associated molecular patterns Peptidoglycan Double-stranded RNA All of the above Which of the following statements about phagocytosis is FALSE? Phagocytes move toward an area of infection by a process called chemotaxis The phagolysosome is a vacuole in which bacteria are exposed to degradative enzymes Phagocytes have receptors that recognize complement proteins bound to bacteria Phagocytes do NOT have receptors that recognize bacteria...
11. Which of the following complement pathways are activated by recognizing microbial products? a. Alternative and...
11. Which of the following complement pathways are activated by recognizing microbial products? a. Alternative and classical b. Lectin and classical c. Lectin and alternative d. All pathways; lectin, classical and alternative 12. True or False: Pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). a. True b. False 13. Which of the following is NOT true about the interferon response? a. Activates innate immune cells b. Increases the expression of MHC class I and antigen presentation by APCs c....
Which of the following are likely to be microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)? Teichoic acid methionine flagellin...
Which of the following are likely to be microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)? Teichoic acid methionine flagellin Uracil lipopolysaccharide phospholipid
Known dangerous pathogens are so important to detect and eliminate that the human immune system has...
Known dangerous pathogens are so important to detect and eliminate that the human immune system has receptors dedicated to recognizing them as foreign. What is the name of these receptors? Select one: A. Gut associated lymphoid tissue O B. Pathogen recognition receptors O C. Major histocompatibility complex class! OD. Pathogen associated molecular patterns E. Interferon receptors
11. When an individual receives antibodies that were produced by another person, or animal, providing short...
11. When an individual receives antibodies that were produced by another person, or animal, providing short lived or temporary immunity, that is referred ass: a. active immunity b. humoral immunity c. immunosuppression d. passive acquired immunity e. immunocompetence A method to artificially induce an immune response to an infectious disease is: a. immunity 12. b. resistance c. antitoxin d. vaccination e. conjugation 13. Which is not a characteristic of the inflammatory response? a. delivery of additional effector molecules to the...
Many extracellular proteins are internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. What are the molecular signals that trigger uptake...
Many extracellular proteins are internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. What are the molecular signals that trigger uptake of a protein by receptor mediated endocytosis?
QUESTION 32 Which process involves the recognition of microbial molecules called pathogen-associated molecular pattern, such as LPS, lipoteichoic acids, peptidoglycan fragments, the sugar mannose, and flagellin, molecules not normally associated with human cells by means of endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on the surface of phagocytes? Enhanced attachment of microbes to phagocytes (opsonization). The role of LPS in bacterial pathogenicity. How bacteria commonly resist phagocytosis. Unenhanced attachment of microbes to phagocytes.
QUESTION 36 How do capsules enable certain bacteria to resist unenhanced attachment to phagocytes? The capsules allow bacteria to form a biofilms on phagocytic cells enabling colonization of the phagocyte. The capsules prevent antibody molecules like IgG from attaching bacteria to antibody receptors on phagocytic cells. The capsules are able to directly kill phagocytic cells. The capsules cover up pathogen-associated molecular patterns so they can not bind to endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on phagocytic cells.
Known dangerous pathogens are so important to detect and eliminate that the human immune system has receptors dedicated to recognizing them as foreign. What is the name of these receptors? Select one: A. Gut associated lymphoid tissue O B. Pathogen recognition receptors O C. Major histocompatibility complex class! OD. Pathogen associated molecular patterns E. Interferon receptors
11. When an individual receives antibodies that were produced by another person, or animal, providing short lived or temporary immunity, that is referred ass: a. active immunity b. humoral immunity c. immunosuppression d. passive acquired immunity e. immunocompetence A method to artificially induce an immune response to an infectious disease is: a. immunity 12. b. resistance c. antitoxin d. vaccination e. conjugation 13. Which is not a characteristic of the inflammatory response? a. delivery of additional effector molecules to the...
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